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Study of Iraqi Spinach Leaves (Phytochemical and Protective Effects Against methotrexate-Induced hepatotoxicity in rats)
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Spinach, Spinacia oleracea L is a popular vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae. This study was concerned with extraction of compounds in Iraqi spinach leaves, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, identification of two biological important flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol in spinach leaves and evaluation of the protective effect of aqueous spinach extract on methotrexate (MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The percentage yield of extraction procedure, identification of spinach by chemical tests and identification of flavonols by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were fully described in this study. The results indicate that the percentage of quarcetin in spinach leaves is more than the percentage of kaempferol in the same plant. The rats were divided into three groups as control, MTX group following a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p) saline was administered for 5 days and the MTX+aqueous spinach extract group were rats received 200mg/kg orally of aqueous spinach extract 7days before and 5 days after MTX treatment. MTX administration increased the MDA and decreased GSH, ALP while these changes were reversed in aqueous spinach extract treated group. Histological changes observed in MTX treated group was improved by aqueous spinach extract treatment. The protective effect of aqueous spinach extract against MTX- induced hepatotoxicity could be attributed to the combined effects of its constituents.

Key words: Spinach, Kaempherol  , Quercetin , Methotrexate, Oxidative stress.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 19 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The surface roughness of new fluoride releasing material after using three polishing protocols and storage in artificial saliva
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Background: Prophylaxis methods are used to mechanically remove plaque and stain from tooth surfaces; such methods give rise to loss of superficial structure and roughen the surface of composites as a result of their abrasive action. This study was done to assess the effect of three polishing systems on surface texture of new anterior composites after storage in artificial saliva. Materials and methods: A total of 40 Giomer and Tetric®N-Ceram composite discs of 12 mm internal diameter and 3mm height were prepared using a specially designed cylindrical mold and were stored in artificial saliva for one month and then samples were divided into four groups according to surface treatment: Group A (control group):10 specimens received no surfa

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Passing tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The five-a- Side Soccer for people with a minor mental disability has become as important as many other sporting events. Therefore, the researcher considers that the basic skills tests are suited to the level of the tested individuals in terms of their age and mental ability. The technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting from They are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so show the importance of the problem of research through the design and codification of two tests of handling skills belonging to this category and adopted by the training cadres during the selection process. The research community for people with minor mental disabilities determines the male category of the mental and social disability instit

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preconcentration and determination of Metformine Hydrochloride in different samples by cloud point extraction coupling with uv-visible spectrophotometry
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This work was influenced the separation and preconcentration steps were carried out to determination of metformin (MET) in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum samples. Complex formation method and cloud-point extraction (CPE) coupling with UV-Visible spectrophotometry were used to investigated of study target.The results has showed the best optical characteristic for calibration curve and statistical data which were obtained under optimum conditions. The first method is based on the reaction of MET with nickel (II) in alkaline medium an absorption maximum ?)max) at 434nm. ''Beer's low'' is obeyed in the concentration range (10-100µg.ml-1) with molar absorptivity of 3.9x103 L.mol-1.cm-1.The limit of detection and quantitation valu

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Int. J. Adv. Res
Antibacterial activity of parsley and celery aqueous extract on the isolated bacteria from children UTI in Erbil city‏
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Association of Endothelin-I and A symmetric Dimethylarginine Levels with Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
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Endothelin-I (ET-I) is one of the potent vasoconstrictors secreted from endothelial cells when needed. Many studies revealed the elevation of serum ET-I with human diabetes and microangiopathies. Since insulin resistance is a case of mixed diabetic and pre-diabetic cases, many risk factors beyond obesity and inflammation are proposed. The current study aims to demonstrate the association between serum ET-I and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sera of 73 subjects were enrolled currently (control= 35 subjects, and 38 with T2DM for more than 7 years), aged (40-60) years old, with distinct body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 for control volunteers and (BMI) ≥ 25 for obesity and diabetes

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using median rule in determining the establishment of service station between Al hasaka and Al kamishly serian cities
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Research indicates that the second half of the twentieth century marked large interests in the service industry by government and private organizations in that one, and the service industry has become the bedrock of plans in achieving economic and social development. From this standpoint felt specialists and researchers the importance of transport modes, including rail, which should be available between Almnltq Civil populated as services organized by the competent authorities to achieve the active participation of citizens in economic and social development in the region and that the term services means economic activities, which are the results Pollack concrete such as accepting the situation and satisfaction them or satisfacti

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Development Accounting Rule disclosure by accounting policies in the light of Islamic and electronic banking Activities: Proposal pattern
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the bank sect for any country  is very important  because  its represent a major  nerve   to feed a verity economic and finance activities .development any state measure by development  banking  sets and its represent  important  factor to investors attract . and because  important  of this subject ,teen accounting rule is a specialized for it .its related by  Disclosures in the Financial Statements Of Banks and The Similar Institutions, its accredit  by auditing and accounting standard  consul in republic of Iraq.in date 10/28/1998.                      &

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 30 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Coagulation/ Flocculation, Microfiltration and Nanofiltration for Water Treatment of Main Outfall Drain for Injection in Nasiriyah Oil Field
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The present work aims to study the efficiency of coagulation/ flocculation as 1st stage, natural gravity water filter or microfiltration (MF) as 2nd stage and nanofiltration (NF) technology as final stage for treatment of water of main outfall drain (MOD) for injection in Nasiriyah oil field. Effects of operating parameters such as coagulant dosage, speed and time of slow mixing step and settling time in the 1st stage were studied. Also feed turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) in the 2

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Advanced Powder Technology
Characterization of nano-silica prepared from local silica sand and its application in cement mortar using optimization technique
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The adoption of ISO 45001: 2018 in the civil aviation establishment test and its accessibility to the standard
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The current research aims to analyze the extent of the adoption of the standards of ISO 45001: 2018 for occupational safety and health management by the General Establishment of Civil Aviation. The research problem was the extent to which the General Establishment of Civil Aviation approved ISO 45001: 2018 for occupational safety and health management. The questionnaire was used as a primary data collection tool, the sample was distributed (50) form, they were selected from the category of employees of the establishment at different levels to represent the research community. Data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS), a number of vector statistical methods were used as well as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, an

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