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Formulation Variables Effect on Gelation Temperature of Nefopam Hydrochloride intranasal in Situ Gel (Conference Paper) #
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Nefopam (N.F.) HCl is a non-narcotic centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine analgesic to relieve acute and chronic pain. It exhibits low bioavailability (about 36%) due to its first-pass degradation in the liver.

Intranasal administration has been used as a new route for targeting active brain sites and enhancing the bioavailability of N.F. HCl bypassing hepatic metabolism.

In situ gel of N.F. HCl was prepared by the cold method using different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, HPMC K4M, Carbapol 934, and Hyaluronic acid polymers.

The results show that identification tests are superimposed with references, solubility study shows that N.F. HCl is suitable to be administered intranasally; Compatibility studies reveal incompatibility of Nefopam HCl with HPMC K4M and Carbapol 934; meanwhile, no interaction with Methylcellulose and Hyaluronic acid.

In conclusion, the obtained results revealed the incredible ability of the produced N.F. HCl intranasal in situ gel is intended to enhance drug bioavailability bypassing the metabolizing effect of the liver that N.F. HCl is facing when given orally.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 06 2002
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The effect of technology on interior space
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Ochratoxin-A on Mouse Embryos
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This study sought to determine malformation caused by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) on mouse embryos. Twenty adult female white Swiss mice (mus msculus) were divided into four groups, with five females per group, and with one male placed with two females in a cage. Avaginal plug was observed in the early morning and the day of mating was considered as day of pregnancy followed by the first day of pregnancy. Three sub lethal concentrations of OTA were applied to the respective groups (other than the control), 1mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg. The animals were given 0.1 ml per 10 gm body weight per concentration of OTA once a day during days 7-14 of pregnancy. The control group animals were given distilled water. The pregnant mice were dissected, and the embry

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 04 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effect of Iodine Overdose on Thyroid Hyperplasia
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Objectives: study the relation between the effect of time (long time duration) with high concentration of iodine
and study its effect on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes).
Methodology: An experimental study was done on (30) albino rats (8 weeks of age) to know the effect of high
concentration of iodine on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes) related with
time. The study last for six months for the period of 1/2/2007 to 31/7/2007, the experiment was carried out in the
research lab. of pathology department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad.
Results: The study shows changes in hormonal levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) and also histologic

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
8th Engineering And 2nd International Conference For College Of Engineering – University Of Baghdad: Coec8-2021 Proceedings
Effect of uncontrolled dewatering on adjacent building
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 29 2016
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Effect of Chilling Imbibition on Seed Germination
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  Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)  seeds were imbided with water at 10°c or 4°c for 4, 8, and 16 hours before planting to study germination rate, mean germination time, and final germination percentage as well as electrolyte leakage from chilled seeds. Seeds imbided more water at 10°c compared to that at 4°c. Coefficient velocity of germination and final percent of germination decreased with the decrease of temperature and increasing time of imbibition. Germination percent under laboratory conditions was higher than that under field conditions. Also, it was found that tomato seeds were more sensitive to chilling imbibition. Electrolyte leakage increased as temperature of imbib

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Titania Effect on Sintering behavior of Alumina
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The sintering behavior of Alumina was investigated by adding TiO2. The addition of TiO2 lowered the sintering temperature of the Alumina compared with those of pure Alumina. The result suggests that TiO2 acts as an activator for sintering of Alumina. Water absorption, apparent porosity and density were examined for both pure and TiO2 added to Alumina samples. The variations of sintering behavior were discussed in terms of shrinkage, porosity, water absorption and density. Thermal shock resistance was also examined. In term of this work, the way of improving the thermal shock resistance in oxide- based materials by adding reactive Titania powder to the Alumina samples. The laboratory results showed an improvement in thermal shock resistance

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 03 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Danials model in concepts Acquisition of Education Principles on Studets at college of Education .
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The research aims at identifyiny the effect of (Danials Model) in concepts Acquisition of Education Principles on Students at college at Education The total unmber of Students , is (65) male and female Students distributed in two groups . The First group is the experiemental group which is taught the (Danials Model) and is (34) Students . The second groupe is the control group which is taught the traditional method of teaching and it is (31) Students . The researcher has matcheol between the two groupe by the following variables : the age , (in monthes) their intelligence their parents a cademic leve of education . The research has constructed a test of (20) items of multiple choice test . The reliability of The test has been cal

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 29 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Construction Joints on Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams
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Construction joints are stopping places in the process of placing concrete, and they are required because in many structures it is impractical to place concrete in one continuous operation. The amount of concrete that can be placed at one time is governed by the batching and mixing capacity and by the strength of the formwork. A good construction joint should provide adequate flexural and shear continuity through the interface.

In this study, the effect of location of construction joints on the performance of reinforced concrete structural elements is experimentally investigated.

Nineteen beam specimens with dimensions of 200×200×950 mm were tested. The variables investigated are the location of the construction joints

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The counseling needs for classroom teachers specialization in Jerash University from their point of view and its relationship with certain variables
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This study aimed at identifying the counseling needs for classroom teachers specialization in
Jerash university. The sample of the study consisted (112) students. To achieve this goal a
scale with (39) items was built by the researcher, this scale has four domains they are as
follows; family, social, psychological and academic domain. The results of this study showed
that counseling needs obtain the heighest average. As well as, the results of the study revealed
that there were statistical differences in favor of gender and teaching year variable. Finally the
study stated a list of recommendations.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of some plant extracts on germination and seeding of Raphanus sativus and effect on surface growth ofRhizoctonia solani
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The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .

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