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Detection of Epicatechin in Camellia sinensis Leaves by Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Techniques
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    The current study performed in order to detect and quantify epicatechin in two tea samples of Camellia sinensis (black and green tea) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extraction of epicatechin from black and green tea was done by using two different methods: maceration (cold extraction method) and decoction (hot extraction method) involved using three different solvents which are  absolute ethanol, 50% aqueous ethanol and water  for both extraction methods using room temperature and direct heat respectively. Crude extracts of two tea samples that obtained from two methods were fractionated by using two solvents with different polarity (chloroform and ethyl acetate). Qualitative and quantitative determinations of epicatechin in tea samples were investigated. Epicatechin identification was made by utilizing preliminary chemical tests and TLC. This identification was also boosted by HPLC and the quantity of epicatechin was determined in all ethyl acetate fractions of two tea samples. This research revealed the existence of epicatechin in black and green tea according to TLC and HPLC. Aqueous ethanol 50% was the best solvent for extraction of epicatechin from leaves of tea. Quantitative estimation of epicatechin by HPLC revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of DGTAE contains the higher concentration of epicatechin than other analyzed fractions. Conclusion, tea is an excellent source of catechins particularly epicatechin that possessed various pharmacological effects.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 26 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Materials Science: Materials In Electronics
Hydrothermal deposition of CdS on vertically aligned ZnO nanorods for photoelectrochemical solar cell application
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Azo Coupling Reaction for indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide using Resorcinol as a Reagent
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Abstract<p>A simple and accurate method to determinate furosemide (FUR) based on converting the secondary amine to primary amine with acidic hydrolysis then azotization by nitrous acid and coupled with resorcinol as a coupling agent in aqueous medium at pH 13. The optical characteristic like beers law limit found to be (0.25-2.5) μg.ml<sup>−1</sup>, detection and quantification limits (0.0196) (0.0654) μg.ml<sup>−1</sup>respectivly and Sandel sensitivity was 0.006738 μg.cm<sup>−2</sup>. The least-square method was used to evaluate the regression equation and the correlation coefficient. The resulted azo dye has a maximum absorbance at 430 nm with light oran</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicine And Life
An overview of neuro-ophthalmic disorders at Jenna Ophthalmic Center, Baghdad, Iraq (2021-2022)
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Neuro-ophthalmic disorders are often documented individually for each illness, with little data available on their overall incidence and pattern. The overall incidence of neuro-ophthalmic illnesses in Iraq is still not recorded. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and etiological features of patients seeking consultation at an Iraqi neuro-ophthalmology clinic. A prospective cross-sectional observational research was conducted at the Janna Ophthalmic Center in Baghdad, Iraq. The center serves a diverse patient population from various governorates. All newly diagnosed patients with neuro-ophthalmic disorders who visited the neuro-ophthalmological clinic, regardless of gender or age group, were included. The neuro-ophthalmo

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Searching Ground State Properties of some Light Proton-Rich Nuclei Using Whittaker Wave Functions
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Abstract<p>In this work, the Whittaker wave functions were used to study the nuclear density distributions and elastic electron scattering charge form factors for proton-rich nuclei and their corresponding stable nuclei (<sup>10,8</sup>B, <sup>13,9</sup>C, <sup>14,12</sup>N and <sup>19,17</sup>F). The parameters of Whittaker’s basis were fixed to generate the experimental values of available size radii. The Whittaker basis was connected to harmonic-oscillator basis through boundary condition at match point. The nuclear shell model was opted with pure configuration for all studied nuclei to compute aforementioned studied quantities except <sup>10</sup></p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Sweetness of Bananas at Different Drying Times
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Publication Date
Mon May 06 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Sweetness of Bananas at Different Drying Times
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The consumption of dried bananas has increased because they contain essential nutrients. In order to preserve bananas for a longer period, a drying process is carried out, which makes them a light snack that does not spoil quickly. On the other hand, machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the sweetness of dried bananas. The article aimed to study the effect of different drying times (6, 8, and 10 hours) using an air dryer on some physical and chemical characteristics of bananas, including CIE-L*a*b, water content, carbohydrates, and sweetness. Also predicting the sweetness of dried bananas based on the CIE-L*a*b ratios using machine learn- ing algorithms RF, SVM, LDA, KNN, and CART. The results showed that increasing the drying

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 13 2022
Journal Name
Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing
An integrated entropy-spatial framework for automatic gender recognition enhancement of emotion-based EEGs
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
CFRP strengthening efficiency on enhancement punching shear resistance of RC bubbled slabs with openings
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Colloid And Interface Science
Organic acid concentration thresholds for ageing of carbonate minerals: Implications for CO2 trapping/storage
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Hypothesis CO2 geological storage (CGS) involves different mechanisms which can store millions of tonnes of CO2 per year in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. But their storage capacity is influenced by the presence of different carboxylic compounds in the reservoir. These molecules strongly affect the water wetness of the rock, which has a dramatic impact on storage capacities and containment security. However, precise understanding of how these carboxylic acids influence the rock’s CO2-wettability is lacking. Experiments We thus systematically analysed these relationships as a function of pressure, temperature, storage depth and organic acid concentrations. A particular focus was on identifying organic acid conce

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 14 2023
Journal Name
Mammalia
First record of the Small Indian Mongoose <i>Urva auropunctatus</i> (Hodgson 1836) from Syria
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Abstract<p>The Small Indian Mongoose <italic>Urva auropunctata</italic> (Hodgson 1836) is a small carnivore native to Iraq and South Asia; however, it has been widely introduced worldwide. The species has never been reported in Syria; however, it was suspected to occur in the extreme eastern parts of the country, but no confirmed records were made. In 2021–2022, several sightings were notified during <italic>in situ</italic> surveys in Deir ez-Zor Province in eastern Syria which confirm the first occurrence of the Small Indian Mongoose in the country.</p>
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