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bijps-1632
Possible protective effects of two different doses of cyanocobalamin against methotrexate nephrotoxicity in rats
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Abstract

   Nephrotoxicity is defined as rapid deterioration in kidney functions. It arises from direct exposure to drugs or their metabolites. Methotrexate is a famous chemotherapeutic drug with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. A high-dose methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction can be life threatening. Cyanocobalamin, one of the forms of vitamin B12, acts as a coenzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine in the cytosol, and the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. This study is designed to examine the effect of cyanocobalamin in two different doses each co-administered with methotrexate at 20 mg/kg induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the involvement of Nrf2/keap1 molecular mechanism in this respect. Rats utilized in this study were randomized into 4 groups (ten rats per each group); Group 1- (Control) rats intraperitoneally injected with 0.5ml normal saline once daily for 7 consecutive days. Group 2- Rats intraperitoneally injected with 0.5ml normal saline once daily for 7 consecutive days; and at day 2, a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20mg/kg) is to be injected. Group 3- Rats intraperitoneally injected with a 0.5mg/kg cyanocobalamin once daily for 7 consecutive days, and at day 2, a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20mg/kg). Group 4- Rats intraperitoneally injected with a 2mg/kg cyanocobalamin once daily for 7 consecutive days, and at day 2, a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20mg/kg). Co-administration of cyanocobalamin at doses cyanocobalamin 0.5mg/kg and 2mg/kg with methotrexate showed significant  reduction  (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde, significant elevation (P<0.05)  in reduced glutathione level, significant upregulation in  renal Nrf2 expression and significant down regulation in renal keap1 expression each compared to corresponding levels in methotrexate-only treated group. In conclusion this study demonstrated that co-administration of cyanocobalamin at two different doses with MTX resulted in attenuation of its nephrotoxicity by the utilization of selected parameters.

Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, methotrexate, cyanocobalamin, malondialdehyde, glutathione, Nrf2, Keap1.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Levels of Serum Lipid profile and Kidney Function Tests in Iraqi Hypertensive Patients: Duration Effect Study
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Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, which causes serious health problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the lipid profile levels in sera of Iraqi hypertensive patients by measuring Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and kidney function levels by measuring uric acid, urea and creatinine. Seventy five individuals of Iraqi adults (Males) were divided into three groups: 25 hypertensive patients with duration of disease (1-10) year (group 1), 25 hypertensive patients with duration of disease (11-30) year (group 2) and 25 normal individuals as control group (group3). The findings indicate that serum (TC, TG and LDL) levels were significantly elevated (

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
THE DIFFERENCE IN THE CHARGE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF 90Zr and 92Mo NUCLEI FROM ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING
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The calculation. of the nuclear. charge. density. distributions. ρ(r) and root. mean. square. radius.( RMS ) by elastic. electron. scattering. of medium. mass. nuclei. such. as (90Zr, 92Mo) based. on the model. of the modified. shell. and the use of the probability. of occupation. on the surface. orbits. of level 2p, 2s eroding. shells. and 1g gaining. shells. The occupation probabilities of these states differ noticeably from the predictions of the SSM. We have found. an improvement. in the determination. of ground. charge. density. and this improvement. allow. more precise. identification. of (CDD) between. (92Mo- 90Zr) to illustrate the influence of the extra

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Conceptual Representations of the Jewish Personality in the International Cinema (Munich film as a model)
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This study deals with the intellectual representations whose intellectual systems are incarnated in the Jewish personality, which is considered one of the complex intellectual systems that has caused controversy throughout the ages because of the ambiguity due to the religious and psychological factors that were reflected directly and strongly on the intellectual structure of the Jewish community in general and the Jewish - Zionist personality in particular, in an attempt (to create new dimensions embodied by intellectual representations of a human nature embodied by what that - peaceful - religiously oppressed - psychologically and socially isolated character presents, because of the curse of the peoples of the world that was a cause fo

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 14 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
HUMAN MODELING IN THE IRAQI PRESS: (A Survey of Human Modeling for March And April 2011)
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This research deals with what so called concept of The Human Model and how Iraqi Media concerns of this concept practically as it plays a key role in attracting readers, on the first hand. On the second, it is important to shed light on the scientific desire of the Iraqi Media and how it deals with this contemporary trend especially in editorial media.

The importance of the research stems from the fact that it alerts to a new stream of modern trends in journalistic writing, according to many modern Arab and foreign media studies; and to the importance of employing human modeling in dealing with facts, events, issues and problems in various editorial arts within their effective influence in concilia

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluating the Efficiency of the Municipal Sector in Anbar Governorate, using the Non-Parametric Approach (DEA).
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The research aims to measure, assess and evaluate the efficiency of the directorates of Anbar Municipalities by using the Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA). This is because the municipality sector is consider an important sector and has a direct contact with the citizen’s life. Provides essential services to citizens. The researcher used a case study method, and the sources of information collection based on data were monthly reports, the research population is represented by the Directorate of Anbar Municipalities, and the research sample consists of 7 municipalities which are different in terms of category and size of different types. The most important conclusion reached by the research i

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 15 2026
Journal Name
Biomed Visions Journal
Developing Pharmacy Education: Review of Virtual Reality Technology in Improving Clinical Training and Learning Skill Development
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Incorporating modern technology into education is becoming imperative. Numerous pharmacy institutions are incorporating virtual reality (VR) technology training into their curricula to enhance educational experience. This review examines the current state, historical evolution, and application of VR programs in pharmacy education and training. The review also provides details about the main challenges and limitations associated with the use of this technology. The VR technology, including virtual laboratories and simulations, significantly improves clinical training and educational outcomes. The utilization of VR in clinical teaching encounters numerous barriers, including ethical concerns and technological constraints, as well as other res

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 13 2026
Journal Name
Ibn- Al - Haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Magnetic Properties of Nano-Iron Oxide α-Fe2O3 Prepared in Green Chemistry from Capsicum Plant Extract
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In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃ NPs) were prepared using a readily available chili pepper plant extract from local markets. This study aims to evaluate the magnetic properties of α-Fe₂O₃ prepared in green chemistry from Capsicum plant extract. After several simple preparatory steps, such as washing and cutting, they were treated with an inorganic complex (potassium hexacyanoferrate) (K3[Fe(CN)₆]). In the first analytical step, the in vitro detection of the plant extract solution after reaction with the potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) complex revealed characteristic adsorption bands of the cyanide group, which disappeared upon complexation. The iron oxide NPs were characterized using various methods, including X

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control
Experimental pore-scale analysis of carbon dioxide hydrate in sandstone via X-Ray micro-computed tomography
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Carbon dioxide geo-sequestration (CGS) into sediments in the form of (gas) hydrates is one proposed method for reducing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and, thus reducing global warming and climate change. However, there is a serious lack of understanding of how such CO2 hydrate forms and exists in sediments. We thus imaged CO2 hydrate distribution in sandstone, and investigated the hydrate morphology and cluster characteristics via x-ray micro-computed tomography in 3D in-situ. A substantial amount of gas hydrate (∼17% saturation) was observed, and the stochastically distributed hydrate clusters followed power-law relations with respect to their size distributions and surface area-volume relationships. The layer-

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Bactericidal Effect of CO2 Laser on Bacteria Associated With Dental Implant Infection: An In Vitro Study
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One of the most popular causes for implant infection is dental plaque bacteria. Previous studies have shown the bactericidal effect of CO2 laser irradiation on bacteria associated with soft tissue surrounding the implant materials. No published studies have examined the effect of irradiation by CO2 laser on Streptococcus oralis and Staphylococcus aureus.The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of CO2 laser on bacteria that are causing dental implant infections. This study was carried out on two isolates of bacterial species out of 25 samples, isolated from patients having soft tissue infections around the dental implant. These two pure isolates including Streptococcus oralis and Staphylococcus aureus were identified

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Educational research obstacles as perceived by academic faculty members in the south universities of west bank
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The study aims to identify the educational research obstacles as perceived by the faculty members at the universities of south in the west bank. As for study population, it included all (60) faculty-member in the colleges of education (bait lahem, alahliyah, al-khalil, and al-Quds almaftoha). To collect study data, the researcher used a questionnaire that consisted of (43) item; it has categorized into seven-domains: academic working conditions, academic management, resources and information, faculty members, publication, planning, and funding educational research. The findings revealed that Educational research obstacles were high with an average of (4, 39), no significant differences among sample averages and stander deviations on the

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