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The Effect of TNF-Alpha Gene Polymorphisms At -376 G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031 T/C on The Likelihood of Becoming a Non-Responder to Etanercept in A Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists’ therapy are expensive and has a non-responsive rate between 30% to 40% in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Genetic variation plays a vital role in the responsiveness to this type of therapy.The aim of this study is to investigate if the presence of genetic polymorphism in the TNF-α gene promoter region at locations -376 G/A (rs1800750), -806 C/T (rs4248158), and -1031 T/C (rs1799964) affects rheumatoid arthritis patient's tendency to be a non-responder to etanercept.

Eighty RA patients on etanercept (ETN) for at least six months were recruited from the Rheumatology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Based on The European League Against Rheumatism response (EULAR) criteria, patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders. After polymerase chain reaction amplification of their DNA, the amplified DNA was sequenced by Sanger method to determine the polymorphisms at the positions -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C.

The results of this study found that equally Phi correlation and binary logistic regression analysis revealed a non-significant association for all genotypes in the three polymorphic sites with the tendency for being non-responder. Moreover, there was no significant difference in TNF-α mean level or the change in disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28) after six months of etanercept therapy between all genotypes for each polymorphic site.

The present study concludes that there was no correlation between the polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter region at -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C with the tendency for being non-responder to ETN.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing A field study ona sample of banks operating in the state of Gezira 2022 AD: (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من المصارف العاملة في ولاية الجزيرة 2022م)
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                 The aim of the research is to identify the adequacy of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing in explaining the role of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing by linking the concepts of full, comprehensive and adequate disclosure to bank financing. The impact of full accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, the existence of an impact of comprehensive accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, the existence of an impact of adequate accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, and the research relied on the descriptive approach, the deductive and inductive approach, the inferential analytical approach, a

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The eloquence of the poetic image in the poetry of the Andalusian son of Labanism is a stylistic approach
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The resort to the eloquence of the poetic image as a style reveals the poet's creativity and creativity in dealing with external influences, and reflect them with emotional images express a sense of intense emotional imagination, and this imagination stems from the experience of a poetic sense of truth, tasted by the recipient before the creator of the poetic text.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 12 2024
Journal Name
دراسات دولية
Towards formulating a new social contract: The political system in Iraq: the dialectic of continuity and permanence
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The social contract represents a set of laws and determinants agreed upon by a group of individuals in order to organize society for the better.This agreement guarantees them to live in peace according to the pre-agreed laws, and on the basis of that, it represents the key to resolving the crisis relations between the state and society, and this is what prompted Iraqi society to move towards the formulation of a new social contract through popular protest movements in 2019.To overcome the old social contract that shook the trust between the state and society as a result of its negative outputs at various political, economic and social levels, and many problems emerged that hindered the process of building the social contra

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education
A study of the level of skill self-esteem and some aspects of attention (acute - focus - diversion) and their relationship to the performance of the spiking and serve among young tennis players
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The purpose of this paper is to identifying the level of skill self-esteem of the young tennis players in the Governorate of Baghdad, identifying some aspects of attention (acuteness, concentration, and diversion of attention) among the young tennis players of the Baghdad governorate, and identify the skills of serve and serve spiking in tennis by young tennis players in Baghdad governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlative relations style for its suitability and the research problem. the research sample was chosen in a deliberate way from the youth team players in tennis for the Governorate of Baghdad and the participants in the 2021-2022 sports season, whose number is (20) male players and (4) young playe

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Degree of Application of Digital Leadership and its Relationship to the Development of Administrative Work at the University of Tabuk
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This study aims to explore the relationship between the degree of application of digital leadership and the development of administrative work at the University of Tabuk. It further aims to examine the presence of statistically significant differences between the average responses of faculty members and employees at the University of Tabuk regarding the study axes that are attributed to the following variables: (scientific rank, gender, and job), the study used the descriptive approach in its correlative style, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, as it was applied to a simple random of (310) members of the faculty and staff. University of Tabuk. The results showed that the degree of digital leadership applicatio

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Product Innovation on an Improvement of the Organization's Reputation /A Field Study in State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO)
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 This paper aims to verify the existence of relationships between product innovation and the reputation of the organization. The study problem is that the State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO) system is inflexible in terms of marketing procedures and needs innovative, unconventional methods in innovating its products and improving performance. The reputation of the organization. The importance of the study lies in that it is an attempt to raise the interest of SOMO in its approach to the research variables in order to enhance its competitive position in the future and improve the marketing business environment, which contributes to enhancing the reputation of the organization by product innovation. The study sample

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Biotechnology
The etiological role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in systemic lupus erythematosus of iraqi female patients
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Recently, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was considered as one of the autoimmune diseases that the genetic and environmental factors contributed in the disease etiological profile. According to the environmental factors, infectious agents have been concluded to have a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are among these infectious agents that have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of SLE. Accordingly, the current study was designed to assess the anti-C. pneumoniae and anti-M. pneumoniae IgG antibody status by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 64 Iraqi SLE females' patients and 32 Iraqi healthy females as controls. The patients' group were distribu

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Medical Journal Of Babylon
Epidemiology of Colorectal Polyps in Iraqi Patients
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background:

A colorectal polyp (CRP) is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum. The incidence of CRPs is rapidly increasing with age. They are most often benign. The rectum is the most commonly affected site.

Objectives:

To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, and histopathologic types of CRP in Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:

It is a cross-sectional screening study conducted in the medical c

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2007
Journal Name
University Of Baghdad
The Psychic Experience and its Effects on the Creative Process: A Study in Selected Poems By Allen Ginsberg and David Gascoyne
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Evidences indicate that human beings were preoccupied with extreme forms of mental and psychic experiences long before they were recorded in literature. Greek myths and legends appear to include symbolizations of delusions, mania, and other bizarre forms of thought and behaviuor. The figure of the mad man or woman is analogous to the wild man, or the imaginary being who appears in various forms throughout western literature and art. Various studies refer to the notion of the wild man as a response to a persistent psychological urge. This urge gives an external expression and a valid form to the impulses of reckless physical self-assertion which is believed to be hidden in all of us, but is normally kept under control. Such impulses were exp

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 03 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Aesthetic Preoccupations of the Implicit Pattern in the Discourse of the Theatre Show (Revelations Play) - A Model
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The implicit pattern is one of the cultural patterns that are present in both the text and theatrical presentation and the reading of the implicit pattern cannot take place without cognitive references, whether audio or visual as well as historical references and the natural, social and psychological dimensions of communities and individuals.

         The researcher, in this study, attempted to focus on the axis of the aesthetic preoccupations of the implicit pattern in the theatrical presentation and the definition of the implicit pattern. Methodologically speaking, the research problem focused on revealing the outlines and the main features in the aesthetic preoccupations that shape the i

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