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Development of novel paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals with an improvement in naproxen solubility.
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Co-crystals are new solid forms of drugs that could resolve more than one problem associated with drugs formulations like solubility, stability, bioavailability, mechanical and tableting properties. A preliminary theoretical study for estimating the possible bonding between the co-crystal components (paracetamol and naproxen) was performed using the ChemOffice program. The results revealed a high possibility for bonding between paracetamol and naproxen and indicated the ability of molecular mechanics study to predict the co-crystal design.

       In this work, four different methods were used for the preparation of three different ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of paracetamol:naproxen co-crystals. The four methods are liquid-assisted grinding, solvent evaporation method, ultrasonic-assisted co-crystallization, and microwave-assisted co-crystallization. The characterization of the prepared co-crystal was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential scanning calorimetry, Powder X-Ray diffraction, and Field emission scanning electron microscopy.

       The results showed that the most successful method for co-crystal production was solvent evaporation methods. The FTIR and DSC results indicated the formation of paracetamol-naproxen co-crystals when prepared by using the solvent evaporation method in the three ratios 1:1 (N1), 2:1 (N2), and 1:2 (N3). Moreover, the PXRD results confirm the previous conclusions.

       A solubility study was conducted to compare the water solubility of pure paracetamol and naproxen with co-crystals solubility. The naproxen solubility was improved by more than two times in (1:1) and (1:2) paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals.

       To conclude, this work succeeded in formation of new paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals, which can be considered as a new promising technique for formulation of these two drugs with an obvious enhancement in naproxen solubility and crystallinity. This could be exploited in preparation of tablets with possible enhancement in dissolution and bioavailability, however, further work is needed to prove this assumption.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Clinical Epidemiology And Global Health
Association of overweight/obesity with the severity of periodontitis using BPE code in an iraqi population
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Development of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction method combined with UV spectrophotometry for the Determination of Malathion Pesticide
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A simple and novel method was developed by combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with UV spectrophotometry for the preconcentartion and determination of trace amount of malathion. The presented method is based on using a small volume of ethylenechloride as the extraction solvent was dissolved in ethanol as the dispersive solvent, then the binary solution was rapidly injected by a syringe into the water sample containing malathion. The important parameters, such the type and volume of extraction solvent and disperser solvent, the effect of extraction time and rate, the effect of salt addition and reaction conditions were studied. At the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 2-100 ng mL-1 of ma

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The political image of Kurds and ideological representation in the Arab novel in Iraq
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The novels that we have addressed in the research, Including those with the ideological and political ideology, It's carry a negative image for the Kurds without any attempt to understand, empathy and the separation between politics and the people, The novels were deformation of the image, Like tongue of the former authority which speaks their ideas, Such as (Freedom heads bagged, Happy sorrows Tuesdays for Jassim Alrassif, and Under the dogs skies for Salah Salah). The rest of novels (Life is a moment for Salam Ibrahim, The country night for Jassim Halawi, The rib for Hameed Aleqabi). These are novels contained a scene carries a negative image among many other social images, some positive, and can be described as neutral novels. We can

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 31 2020
Journal Name
Lark Journal For Philosophy, Linguistics And Social Sciences
Identity crisis of Arab-American in Laila Halaby's Novel once in a promise Land
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This study aims at describing the identity crisis of Diaspora people (Arab -American) in "Laila Halaby's" novel "Once in A promise Land". Halaby tackles the issues of racism, exclusion, and instability of identity that affect the Arab American community after the terrorist event of eleventh of September. She sheds light on the experiences of her significant characters Salwa and Jassim in America, clarifying how this event weakened their social position and turns their presence in America questionable. "Halaby" describes the bitterness of her characters who are induced into a dream of belonging to a land that transcends their original culture and religious values as well as their language. "Halaby" explains the subsistence in America involvi

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2022
Journal Name
Nasaq Journal
The Effect of Co-text on the Comprehensibility of World Englishes
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The political development in Moritania 1967-1934
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Education Development in Local Community Analysis Study
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Human resources are considered as strategic fortune for being the main driver of the development wheel in the society, and the field of education and learning is one of the main pillars of this fortune for its great effect in the process of economic and social progress of individuals. I was the subject of education to the concerns of many countries, as adopted national policies . And regional support and the reduction of constraints, so came our study (education hub for human development) to identify the role of education in human development and to identify the obstacles facing the education process and the extent of its impacts negatively on the process of human development also contribute to the knowledge of school enrollment and the

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 12 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Social Science Humanity & Management Research
Sustainable Development in Organization: A Literature Review
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The current study aimed to review previous scholarly efforts to understand the concept of sustainable development, its practices, and its significance for public institutions. The study focuses on the dimensions of sustainable development—environmental, social, and economic—within public institutions. Sustainable development allows these institutions to balance environmental protection, economic growth, and social justice, ensuring the prosperity of both current and future generations. Furthermore, sustainable development is crucial for maintaining organizational performance. The review bridges knowledge gaps related to sustainable development and utilizes an analytical approach, surveying previous studies on the topic. The sele

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 29 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of the activities of the national poverty reduction strategy On achieving the sustainable development goals An applied research in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs
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The objective of the research is to shed light on the nature of the impact of the activities of the national strategy for poverty alleviation in achieving the goals of sustainable development, and the research problem was represented by Is there an effect of the activities of the national strategy for poverty reduction in achieving the goals of sustainable development? and represents the field of research in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs For the years (2012-2016) and the results of the sustainable development goals indicators for the years (2012-2016), the ready-made statistical program (SPSS ver.10) was used to calculate the percentages, multiple linear regression equation, the F test and the R2 coefficient, and the research

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Social Science Journal
Development Theory of Women's Empowerment in Islamic Sharia Law
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The research, entitled: "The Development Theory of Women's Empowerment in Islamic Sharia Law ", aims to show the means of human development for women through the texts of the Quran and Sunnah. It talked about the concept of human development for women, the goals of women's empowerment in legislative texts, the goals of human development in empowering women, the developmental aspect of women in the Sunnah of the Prophet, the integration of development in Islamic Sharia Law , and then the conclusion and sources.

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