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Two-Stage Classification of Breast Tumor Biomarkers for Iraqi Women
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Objective: Breast cancer is regarded as a deadly disease in women causing lots of mortalities. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with appropriate tumor biomarkers may facilitate early treatment of the disease, thus reducing the mortality rate. The purpose of the current study is to improve early diagnosis of breast by proposing a two-stage classification of breast tumor biomarkers fora sample of Iraqi women.

Methods: In this study, a two-stage classification system is proposed and tested with four machine learning classifiers. In the first stage, breast features (demographic, blood and salivary-based attributes) are classified into normal or abnormal cases, while in the second stage the abnormal breast cases are further classified into either malignant or benign. The collected 20 breast cancer features are utilized to test the performance of the proposed classification system with Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross validation and Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the classes. Furthermore, correlation-based feature selection (CFS) was employed in an exploratory analysis to find the best features for the 2-stage classification system.

Results: Classification accuracy of 94% for stage-1 and 100% for stage-2was achieved with a Naïve Bayesclassifier which outperformed other three methods. In addition, CFS selected small subset of features as being the best five features out of the all 20 features for both stage-1 and stage-2.

Conclusion: We achieved a high classification accuracy which is promising to help improve the early diagnosis of breast tumor. The outcome of this study also shows the importance of CA15-3protein in saliva and blood as well as carcinoembryonic antigen level and total protein in blood, and Estrogen hormone level in saliva, for predicting breast tumors.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Knowledge And Information Systems
Multiresolution hierarchical support vector machine for classification of large datasets
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Support vector machine (SVM) is a popular supervised learning algorithm based on margin maximization. It has a high training cost and does not scale well to a large number of data points. We propose a multiresolution algorithm MRH-SVM that trains SVM on a hierarchical data aggregation structure, which also serves as a common data input to other learning algorithms. The proposed algorithm learns SVM models using high-level data aggregates and only visits data aggregates at more detailed levels where support vectors reside. In addition to performance improvements, the algorithm has advantages such as the ability to handle data streams and datasets with imbalanced classes. Experimental results show significant performance improvements in compa

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Lecture Notes Of The Institute For Computer Sciences, Social Informatics And Telecommunications Engineering
Sensor Data Classification for the Indication of Lameness in Sheep
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 19 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Psychosexual Implications of Tubal Ligation in a Sample of Iraqi Women
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Background: Tubal ligation, recognized as a surgical intervention that ensures permanent contraception, has established itself as an option for women seeking a definitive solution for family planning. Objective: To assess the psychosexual implications of tubal ligation in a sample of women in Baghdad, Iraq. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital for 2 years, from the first of January 2022 to the end of December 2023, in which 203 women who underwent tubal ligation were included. Results: In the present study, we found that 158 (77.8%) had no depression, mild depression presented in 27 (13.3%), and moderate depression in only 15 (7.4%). While 163 (80.3%) of women did not suffer from anxiety, 32 (15.8

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
F1000research
Comparison between the effects of two treatment regimens from GINA guidelines step 3 on quality of life and inflammatory biomarkers of pediatric asthmatic patients: an observational study
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Background: Asthma is a complicated condition characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airflow restriction, resulting in various respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. The research intended to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of two interchangeable treatment regimens administered to a group of Iraqi asthmatic children.

Methods: This observational clinical study was conducted on a sample of pediatric Iraqi asthmatic patients in the central pediatric hospital in Baghdad. The study enrolled asthmatic children with moderate persistent asthma, who a specialized physician had diagnosed. Patients had been allocated

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 20 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Building challenge test for basic skills in soccer for students -third stage
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The skill scale in most of sport activity monitoring a lot of dynamic behaviours conducted with playing situations that help the excerpt's in sport field to evaluate and put right solutions ,soccer one of games that studies in third stage in college and take skills ,dribbling , passing, shooting these skills helps to execute the plans in game ,the researchers notice that there is no test measure the skills of the game in the beginning of the first semester especially in the method of soccer in physical education college and the problem of the research were by answering the question that is there test connect between one or more that one of skill to measure the ability of students to execute the plans in soccer and the conclusion was the bui

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
The Saudi Dental Journal
Salivary lactate dehydrogenase and salivary total protein as potential biomarkers for screening periodontal disease
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Abstract Background: Timely diagnosis of periodontal disease is crucial for restoring healthy periodontal tissue and improving patients’ prognosis. There is a growing interest in using salivary biomarkers as a noninvasive screening tool for periodontal disease. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of two salivary biomarkers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein, for periodontal disease by assessing their sensitivity in relation to clinical periodontal parameters. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the impact of systemic disease, age, and sex on the accuracy of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of periodontal health. Materials and methods: A total of 145 participants were categorized into three groups based

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Teaching Competencies Required For Teachers of History in the Preparatory Stage
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         This study attempts to determine the necessary teaching competencies for teachers and the level of their importance in the development of their performance professionally and scientifically, and the progress towards a better future to achieve an effective level. Accordingly, the research community consists of the morning-preparatory schools for boys at the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad \ Rusafa2. The study sample included (68) teachers constituted 88.31% of the total community of teachers. As for the research tools, the researcher adopted the descriptive method by using the observation method in which the researcher prepared a list of teaching. For verifying the re

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 05 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The requirements of curriculum development for the public stage in Iraq
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 Chapter One : the importance of research and the need for it .
       He has developed the concept of the curriculum has evolved as other educational concepts . Because the world has become a small village due to modern technology and are used in various aspects of life , and the rapid communication between the world can be accessed easily and conveniently . And that the purpose of education citizens who create social functions which ones to keep the culture , upgrade and repair flaws, and aims to develop the capacity of the individual and the preparations in the footsteps of scientific and technological development .
- The goal of research : The research aims to:
1 . What is the

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Learning Style for distinguished students and their ordinary mates in the secondary stage in accordance to some variables
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The current problem is summarized in what is called the development failing experience
in comprehencing the studying materials , so the students will feel worry of repeating failure
in he future , so he would seek blind keeping on heart for the studying material bond this isbad due to the forgetting in the future , one side of thesis research problem is that there is
many contradictory researches result in relation to the learning styles which impose the
nessicity to find results lessen this contradiction . the importance of the research is
summarized in the importance of the subject under the study , in that the researcher ( as in
her knowledge ) did not find a thesrs tackling the subject of the distinguished students

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 22 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of dental arches symmetry in a sample of Iraqi children at the mixed dentition stage
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Background: Little is known about asymmetry of children's dental arches, the purpose of this study was to verify the presence of asymmetry of dental arches among Iraqi children in the mixed dentition stage. Materials and methods: The sample included 52 pairs of dental casts, 27 pairs belong to males and 25 pairs for females. Three linear distances were utilized on each side on the dental arch: Incisal-canine distance, canine-molar distance and incisal-molar distance, which represent the dental arch segmental measurements using the digital sliding calipers, which is accurate up to 0.02 mm. Results: No significant sides' differences with high correlation coefficient were found between the right and left incisal-canine, canine-molar and in

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