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Two-Stage Classification of Breast Tumor Biomarkers for Iraqi Women
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Objective: Breast cancer is regarded as a deadly disease in women causing lots of mortalities. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with appropriate tumor biomarkers may facilitate early treatment of the disease, thus reducing the mortality rate. The purpose of the current study is to improve early diagnosis of breast by proposing a two-stage classification of breast tumor biomarkers fora sample of Iraqi women.

Methods: In this study, a two-stage classification system is proposed and tested with four machine learning classifiers. In the first stage, breast features (demographic, blood and salivary-based attributes) are classified into normal or abnormal cases, while in the second stage the abnormal breast cases are further classified into either malignant or benign. The collected 20 breast cancer features are utilized to test the performance of the proposed classification system with Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross validation and Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the classes. Furthermore, correlation-based feature selection (CFS) was employed in an exploratory analysis to find the best features for the 2-stage classification system.

Results: Classification accuracy of 94% for stage-1 and 100% for stage-2was achieved with a Naïve Bayesclassifier which outperformed other three methods. In addition, CFS selected small subset of features as being the best five features out of the all 20 features for both stage-1 and stage-2.

Conclusion: We achieved a high classification accuracy which is promising to help improve the early diagnosis of breast tumor. The outcome of this study also shows the importance of CA15-3protein in saliva and blood as well as carcinoembryonic antigen level and total protein in blood, and Estrogen hormone level in saliva, for predicting breast tumors.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2013
Journal Name
Desalination And Water Treatment
Competitive biosorption of Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cd (II) from synthetic wastewater onto heterogeneous anaerobic biomass in single, binary, and ternary batch systems
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Biosorption of lead, chromium, and cadmium ions from aqueous solution by dead anaerobic biomass (DAB) was studied in single, binary, and ternary systems with initial concentration of 50 mg/l. The metal-DAB affinity was the same for all systems. The main biosorption mechanisms were complexation and physical adsorption of metallic cations onto natural active functional groups on the cell wall matrix of the DAB. It was found that biosorption of the metallic cations onto DAB cell wall component was a surface process. The main functional groups involved in the metallic cation biosorption were apparently carboxyl, amino, hydroxyle, sulfhydryl, and sulfonate. These groups were part of the DAB cell wall structural polymers. Hydroxyle groups (–O

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicinal And Chemical Sciences
Highly Thermally Stable and Biologically Active Compounds Prepared To Be Polymer Stabilizers Consisting Of a Schiff Base and Its Complexes Derived From 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde
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Antibiotic resistance has been a growing worldwide public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the search for new antibiotics is slow, while antibiotic resistance is growing. WHO has also declared that antibiotic resistance is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity in the 21st century. Therefore, this review discusses the potential of metal-based drugs as antibacterial agents from the period of the early 2000s to date. The review reveals that a lot of preliminary work has been done to assess these as potential drugs. However, their mode of action is faintly described. Furthermore, a few examples of metal-based drugs assessed for their modes of action are described. These compounds are ide

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research
Synthesis of some Schiff base metal complexes involving trimethoprim and 2'-amino-4-chlorobenzophenone: Spectral, thermal, DNA Cleavage antimicrobial,antifungal and Cytotoxic activity studies
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In study of effective bioactive compounds, we have synthesized the Co((ІІ), Mn(ІІ), Fe(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), and Zn(ІІ) complexes of the Schiff base derived from trimethoprim and2'-amino-4-chlorobenzophenone and characterized by spectroscopic (NMR, IR, Mass, UV–vis,), analytical, TGA studies and magnetic data .The solution electronic spectral study suggests the stoichiometry of the synthesized complexes and Elemental analysis detected the square planer and octahedral geometry of the compounds. The prepared metal complexes presented promoted efficiency versus the screened bacterial (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus) antibacterial efficacy against (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, Vibrio spp., Pseud

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship between organizational justice and empowerment and their impact on achieving organizational commitment (field study in the Department of Labor and Vocational Training)
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The research has deal with the relationship between organizational justice and empowerment and their impact on the achievement of organizational commitment in the office of Labour and Vocational Training. To study the research problem which is represented a sense that employees with low levels of organizational justice and empowerment and the reflection on the organizational commitment of the employees, so that Has been collecting data and information relating to research by designing a questionnaire, were distributed to a sample of (50) people in the office mentioned, and the results of the study to confirm the research hypotheses. and the key results of the research was the presence of correlation relationships and the effect o

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The article deals with the marked vocabulary of Russian and Arabic language, extrapolated to the phraseological: Маркировка арабского и русского языков: На примере фразеологии
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  The paper deals with the marked vocabulary of Russian and Arabic language, and the extrapolated to the phraseological layer of the mentioned language systems. Specificity of the functioning of this process is presented against the backdrop of the peculiarities of the existence of Russian and Arabic languages. Attention is focused on the fact that linguistic markers should be considered as a kind of keys that represent the specificity of the experience of being experienced by an individual in ontological reality. It is asserted that marking can be revealed practically at all levels of the language polysystem, but it is especially productive on its lexical layer, in particular, on the basis of lexicology and ph

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 10 2015
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
New Schiff Base Derived From Folic Acid and 3- Aminoacetophenone and its Metal Complexes with Some Transition Metals and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity
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The ligand [Potassium (E)-(4-(((2-((1-(3-aminophenyl) ethylidene) amino)-4-oxo-1,4- dihydropteridin-6-yl) methyl) amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamate] was prepared from the condensation reaction of folic acid with (3-aminoacetophenone) through Schiff reaction to give a new Schiff base ligand [H2L]. The ligand [H2L] was characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption (A.A), (FT-I.R.), (U.V.-Vis), TLC, E.S. mass (for spectroscopes), molar conductance, and melting point. The new Schiff base ligand [H2L], reacts with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) metal ions and (2-aminophenol), (metal : derivative ligand : 2-aminophenol) to give a series of new mixed complexes in the general formula:- K3[M2(HL)(HA)2], (where M=Mn(II) and

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 02 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An Evaluation of Corrosion Pits in Esthetic Coated Stainless Steel Orthodontic Archwires in Dry and Wet Environment at Different Intervals (An In Vitro Study)
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Background: The demand for esthetic orthodontic appliances is increasing; so the esthetic orthodontic archwires were introduced. Among them, Teflon and Epoxy coated stainless steel archwires. The amount of force available from the archwire depends on the structural properties and susceptibility to corrosion. All metallic alloys are changed during immersion in artificial saliva, chlorhexidine mouthwash andtoothpaste, but their behaviors differ from one type to another. They corrode at different rates, which lead to decrease the amount of force applied to the teeth. This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the corrosion pits in stainless steel archwires coated with Teflon and with Epoxy in dry and after immersion in artificial saliva, chl

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 24 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Preparation, spectral characterization and biological activity of somenewbimetalic complexes derived from{ 2,2`((5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)-bis- (oxy))-bis-N`(E`)-2- hydroxybenzylideneacetohydrazide}ligand
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In this work, the preparation of new multidentate Schiff-base lig and and its metal complexes are described. The formation of the lig and{ 2,2`((5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)-bis-(oxy))-bis-N`(E`)-2- hydroxybenzylideneacetohydrazide}[H2L] was prepared from the reaction {2,2-((5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)-bis-(oxy))- di-(acetohydrazide)}[M]precursor and salicylaldehyde in a 1:2 mole ratio, respectively. The reaction of the lig and [H2L] with (Cr+3 , Mn+2 and Fe+2 )metal ions in a 1:2 (L:M) mole ratio. Ligand and complexes were characterised via spectroscopic analyses; [FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy,(C.H.N) microanalysis, chloride content, thermal analysis(TG), electrospray mass, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The characterisation d

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 02 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Relation and Self – Talk on Developing Ambition Level According to VTS – Sport and Achievement in Long Distance Runners
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Geology, Pb and S Isotope Geochemistry, and Genesis of the Na Bop-Pu Sap Lead-Zinc Deposit in the Cho Don area, Northeastern Vietnam
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The Na Bop-Pu Sap Pb-Zn ore bodies represent a typical vein-type lead-zinc deposit situated in the Cho Don area and are currently being extracted for their lead and zinc resources. This deposit is characterized by its significant scale and quality and is considered one of the prominent lead-zinc deposits in the Cho Don area. Despite its significance, this deposit has not received adequate attention, resulting in limited knowledge of its geology, mineralization, and deposit genesis model. To address this knowledge gap, our study utilized several methodologies, including field surveying, ore mineral analysis under a microscope, and S and Pb isotopic geochemistry. By employing these approaches, we were able to obtain specific insights

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