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Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Signals Using Clipping and Iterative Processing Methods
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One of the serious problems in any wireless communication system using multi carrier modulation technique like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is its Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR).It limits the transmission power due to the limitation of dynamic range of Analog to Digital Converter and Digital to Analog Converter (ADC/DAC) and power amplifiers at the transmitter, which in turn sets the limit over maximum achievable rate.

        This issue is especially important for mobile terminals to sustain longer battery life time. Therefore reducing PAPR can be regarded as an important issue to realize efficient and affordable mobile communication services.

        This paper presents an efficient PAPR reduction method for OFDM signal. This method is based on clipping and iterative processing. Iterative processing is performed to limit PAPR in time domain but the subtraction process of the peak that over PAPR threshold with the original signal is done in frequency domain, not in time like usual clipping technique. The results of this method is capable of reducing the PAPR significantly with minimum bit error rate (BER) degradation.

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimate missing value by use analyses of covariance method for split block-design
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The research aims to estimate missing values using covariance analysis method Coons way to the variable response or dependent variable that represents the main character studied in a type of multi-factor designs experiments called split block-design (SBED) so as to increase the accuracy of the analysis results and the accuracy of statistical tests based on this type of designs. as it was noted in the theoretical aspect to the design of dissident sectors and statistical analysis have to analyze the variation in the experience of experiment )SBED) and the use of covariance way coons analysis according to two methods to estimate the missing value, either in the practical side of it has been implemented field experiment wheat crop in

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 13 2021
Journal Name
Turkish Journal Of Computer And Mathematics Education
Private Drinking Stations In Al-Dora And Ways To Unify Them In One Station To Prevent Pollution
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The Current Research Seeks To Identify The Possibility Of Unifying The Private Drinking Stations In The Session In A Single Station In Order To Prevent Pollution. In Order To Achieve The Goal Of The Current Research, The Researcher Followed The Descriptive Survey Approach. The Researcher Identified The Research Community As Working In Institutions Related To Drinking Water Filtering In The Governorate Of Baghdad, And In Order To Collect Data And Information Necessary To Answer The Study's Question (Is It Possible To Supply Private Drinking Stations With One Station?) Researcher Designed A Questionnaire Consisting Of (10) Paragraphs Measuring Aspects Of This Topic, And Applied It To A Sample Of Employees And Workers Amounted To (200) People,

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Health Anxiety Related to Coronavirus (Covid 19) and Its Relationship to Health Behavior among Baghdad University Employees
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The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between health anxiety associated with Coronavirus (Covid 19) and its relationship to health behavior among Baghdad University employees, as well as to identify the differences in health anxiety and health behavior according to the variables (gender, occupation, and age). To achieve the objectives of the research, a scale was designed to measure the health anxiety in addition to the adoption of the health behavior scale prepared by (Renner & Schwarzer, 2005). The two scales were applied to a sample of (277) academics and (206) employees, while the number of students was (667). The sample was chosen by electronic application from a number of colleges at Al-Jadiriyah Complex. Afte

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 03 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Exercises based on the phosphogenic energy system to develop the ability to perform with precision and accuracy
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Each sport has its own energy requirements that differ from the energy requirements of other sports, and a different method is used in each of them, so the trainer must first rely on the principle of privacy in training first, that is, privacy according to the working energy system, that is, he defines the controlling energy system In that event, and how the muscles use the available energy to perform according to the energy production systems. As we find the serving skill is the first volleyball skill with which the team starts the match in order to be able to gain points directly, through knowledge it turns out that there is a weakness in the skill performance, especially the skill of serving and being The key to victory for volle

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 18 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The impact of a computerized program (cogniplus) to develop the strength to focus and perform kinetic chain on the balance beam
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Measuring Lower Uterine Segment Thickness Using Abdominal Ultrasound to Predict Timing of Cesarean Section in Women with Scarred Uterus at Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital
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Background: Ultrasonography has been used to examine the thickness of the lower uterine segment in women with previous cesarean sections in an attempt to predict the risk of scar dehiscence during subsequent pregnancy. The predictive value of such measurement has not been adequately assessed. Objectives: To correlate lower uterine segment thickness measured by trans abdominal ultrasound in pregnant women with previous cesarean section with that measured during cesarean section by caliper and to find out minimum lower uterine segment thickness indicative of integrity of the scar.Methods: A prospective observational study at Elwyia Maternity Teaching Hospital, from January 2011 to January 2012. A total of 143 women were enrolled in the stu

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analyzing indicators of the results of applying forecasting methods for production plans (A case study at the Diyala State Company for Electrical Industries)
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Economic organizations operate in a dynamic environment, which necessitates the use of quantitative techniques to make their decisions. Here, the role of forecasting production plans emerges. So, this study aims to the analysis of the results of applying forecasting methods to production plans for the past years, in the Diyala State Company for Electrical Industries.

The Diyala State Company for Electrical Industries was chosen as a field of research for its role in providing distinguished products as well as the development and growth of its products and quality, and because it produces many products, and the study period was limited to ten years, from 2010 to 2019. This study used the descriptive approa

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 13 2021
Journal Name
Eureka: Physics And Engineering
A numerical study to improve the position and angle of the producer gas injector inside the intake manifold to minimize emissions and efficiency enhancement of a bi engine
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To develop a petrol engine so that it works under the bi-engine pattern (producer gas-petrol) without any additional engine modifications, a single-point injection method inside the intake manifold is a simple and inexpensive method. Still, it leads to poor mixing performance between the air and producer gas. This deficiency can cause unsatisfactory engine performance and high exhaust emissions. In order to improve the mixing inside the intake manifold, nine separate cases were modelled to evaluate the impact of the position and angle orientation inside the intake manifold on the uniformity and spread of the mixture under AFR=2.07. A petrol engine (1.6 L), the maximum engine speed (8000 rpm), and bi-engine mode (petrol-producer ga

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
VISUAL CONTAMINATION WITH RANDOM ADVERTISEMENTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING FINES TO THEIR OWNERS: VISUAL CONTAMINATION WITH RANDOM ADVERTISEMENTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING FINES TO THEIR OWNERS
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Baghdad governorate has many areas of distinctive architectural and architectural character, which are heritage and valuable areas that we must preserve and take care of. But we see many manifestations of it, which have a negative impact on buildings, areas and roads, so that they distort the view and thus lead to visual pollution in general. The research examined the visual pollution from random advertising, which stretched buildings, walls, electricity poles and sidewalks. The study covered different areas of al-Karkh and al-Rassafa (Jadreya Bridge, Nation Square, Jordan Square, alkindy Street)Most of the distortions were the result of non-removable posters, Handwriting, election candidate adve

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Cyberbullying and Its Relationship to Pessimism and Optimism Among Female Students
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This study aimed to explore the relationship between cyberbullying and levels of pessimism and optimism among female university students, emphasizing the significance of these variables in students' psychological well-being. The research problem was identified in the increasing rates of cyberbullying among female students and its negative impact on optimism and pessimism, alongside the lack of effective counseling programs addressing this issue. The study sample consisted of 30 third-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women during the academic year 2023--2024. The participants were deliberately selected through a lottery method. The researchers employed the descriptive survey method as it suited the

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