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Finite Element Based Solution of Laplace's Equation Applied to Electrical Activity of the Human Body
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Computer models are used in the study of electrocardiography to provide insight into physiological phenomena that are difficult to measure in the lab or in a clinical environment.

The electrocardiogram is an important tool for the clinician in that it changes characteristically in a number of pathological conditions. Many illnesses can be detected by this measurement. By simulating the electrical activity of the heart one obtains a quantitative relationship between the electrocardiogram and different anomalies.

Because of the inhomogeneous fibrous structure of the heart and the irregular geometries of the body, finite element method is used for studying the electrical properties of the heart.

This work describes the implementation of the Conjugate Gradient iterative method for the solution of large linear equation systems resulting from the finite element method. A diagonal Jacobi preconditioner is used in order to accelerate the convergence. Gaussian elimination is also implemented and compared with the Precondition Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method and with the iterative method. Different types of matrix storage schemes are implemented such as the Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) to achieve better performance. In order to demonstrate the validity of the finite element analysis, the technique is adopted to solve Laplace's equation that describes the electrical activity of the human body with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. An automatic mesh generator is built using C++ programming language.  Initially a complete finite element program is built to solve Laplace's equation. The same accuracy is obtained using these methods. The results show that the CSR format reduces computation time compared to the order format. The PCG method is better for the solution of large linear system (sparse matrices) than the Gaussian Elimination and back substitution method, while Gaussian elimination is better than iterative method.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Influence of The Kind of Feeding on The Average of Body Growth for The Infant of The Age (3-6) Months in Baghdad.City
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This paper was conducted to identifying the body growth averages for the infants of the age (3-6) months and their relation with brest (natural ) or artificial feeding The results showed that the higher percentage was for the infants with the natural feeding in comparison with those of the artificial or mixed feeding. Also there was a clear increase in the average of the body growth for those with the natural feeding and such results were closer to the standard criterion. While the averages of body growth for those with the artificial or mixed feeding were low. In addition, it was clear that the averages of body growth of the i

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Samarra Journal Of Pure And Applied Science
New Ligand-Based Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Thermal Behavior, Anticancer Properties, and Biological Activity
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New ligands, N1, N4-bis (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylcarbamothioyl) succinamide (L1) and N1, N4- bis (benzylcarbamothioyl)succinamide (L2), derived from succinyl chloride and 2-amino benzothiazole or benzylamine, respectively, have been used to prepare a set of transition metal complexes with the general formula [M2(L)Cl4], where L=L1 or L2, M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Zn(II) or Hg(II). The synthesized compounds were characterized using various analytical techniques including TGA, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, 1H and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, magnetic measurement, molar conductivity, electronic spectrum, (%M, %C, %H, %N) and atomic absorption flame (AAF) analysis. The results showed that (L1, L2) bin

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Using Tools Lean Accounting to Reduce the Costing: An Applied Research in General Company for Electric Industry
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The developments accelerated in technology and rapid changes in the environment and increase numbers industrial countries and different desires and requirements of customers, lead to be produced in large quantities is not feasible due to changes listed above as well as the need to product variety and change in tastes and desires of consumers, all above led not to enable companies to discharge their products in the case of mass production and created the need to devise ways and new methods fit with the current situation, and accounting point no longer the traditional accounting systems able to meet the requirements needed by the companies to make decisions and know where waste and loss of resources resulting to invent new style away from

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Formulate a strategy to manage tax compliance risks: An applied research in the General commission for Taxes
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  This research discussed and analyzed the formulation of a strategy to manage tax compliance risks, as an applied research in the General commission for Taxes. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to identify the factors that stimulate or retard the research sample from being compliant. The K-means clustering method was also used to enable the classification of the research sample's views into four behaviors, some of these views pose tax-compliance risks. The research concluded that risk management is a continuous process and that all departments of the General commission for Taxes are responsible for its implementation to enable them to deal with the behavior of the taxpayer towards tax compliance. And it recommended

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 26 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Wisdom-Based Thinking and its Relationship to the Psychological Capital: طلل غالب علوان
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The present study aims to identify wisdom-based thinking and its relationship to psychological capital. It further aims to find out the differences in the level of wisdom-based thinking and psychological capital according to the variables of gender and specialization (scientific, humanities). To achieve this, the study has been conducted on a sample of (380) male and female students. The two scales, wisdom-based thinking and psychological capital are implemented to the sample after being constructed by the researcher and after ensuring their psychometric characteristics' suitability for the study's aims. Results concerning the first aim have shown that there is a significant relationship among students. The second aim has revealed that t

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of Electronic System Based on Cloud Computing to Develop Electronic Tasks for Students of the University of Mosul
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The present research aims to design an electronic system based on cloud computing to develop electronic tasks for students of the University of Mosul. Achieving this goal required designing an electronic system that includes all theoretical information, applied procedures, instructions, orders for computer programs, and identifying its effectiveness in developing Electronic tasks for students of the University of Mosul. Accordingly, the researchers formulated three hypotheses related to the cognitive and performance aspects of the electronic tasks. To verify the research hypotheses, a sample of (91) students is intentionally chosen from the research community, represented by the students of the college of education for humanities and col

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Auditing Quality According To Artificial Intelligence: Applied Research on A Sample of Regulatory Bodies Working In The Federal Board of Supreme Audit
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The Evolution Of Information Technology And The Use Of Computer Systems Led To Increase Attention To The Use Of Modern Techniques In The Auditing Process , As It Will Overcome Some Of The Human Shortcomings In The Exercise Of Professional Judgment, Then It Can Improve The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of The Audit Process, Where The New Audit Methodologies Espouse The Concept Of Risk Which Includes Strategic Dimension With Regard To The Capacity Of The Entity To Achieve Its Goals, Which Requires Auditors To Rely On Advanced Technology That Can Identify The Factors Which Prevent The Entity From Achieving Its Objectives. The Idea Of Research Is To Preparing An Electronic Program Fer All Audit Work From Planning Through Sampling And Document

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Cost technique based on ABCII specifications and its effect in the Implementation of contracting contracts: Applied research in Al-Mansour general company for construction contracting
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The problem of research was to identify after the use of cost technology based on specifications in the validity of determining and measuring the costs of the implementation of contracting, by applying to al-Mansour General Construction Contracting Company as an appropriate alternative to the traditional costing system currently adopted, which is characterized by many shortcomings and weaknesses Which has been reflected in the validity and integrity of the calculations. To solve this problem, the research was based on the premise that: (The application of cost technology based on specifications will result in calculating the cost of the product according to the specification required by the customer, to meet his wishes properly and witho

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Short Square Normal and Hybrid Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete Columns Subjected to Chloride Solution Attack
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In this research, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns made of normal and hybrid reactive powder concrete (hybrid by steel and polypropylene fibers) subjected to chloride salts with concentration was 8341.6 mg/l. The study consists of two parts, the first one is experimental study and the second one is theoretical analysis.  Three main variables were adopted in the experimental program; concrete type, curing type and loading arrangement. Twenty (120x120x1200) mm columns were cast and tested depending on these variables. The samples were reinforced using two different bars; Ø8 for ties and Ø12 with minimum longitudinal reinforcement (0.01Ag). The specimens were divided into two main groups based o

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Employ the Knowledge Accumulation of Human Resources in Strategic Performance
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The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the role of the Knowledge Accumulation of Human Resources KAHR in Strategic Performance SP, and for that, the research was applied to the represented sample by the administrative leaders consisting of (108) individuals distributed according to their positions and the organizational structure of the ministry. Correlations, effects, and benefits from generalizing the results in the field of research. The research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from a questionnaire. The second stage gathered qualitative data to explore the survey results more deeply by conducting individual interviews with a sub-sample of

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