Preferred Language
Articles
/
alkej-370
Delignification of Date Palm Fronds using Modified Organosolv Technique
...Show More Authors

Abstract

  In this study, modified organic solvent (organosolv) method was applied to remove high lignin content in the date palm fronds (type Al-Zahdi) which was taken from the Iraqi gardens. In modified organosolv, lignocellulosic material is fractionated into its constituents (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). In this process, solvent (organic)-water is brought into contact with the lignocellulosic biomass at high temperature, using stainless steel reactor (digester). Therefor; most of hemicellulose will remove from the biomass, while the solid residue (mainly cellulose) can be used in various industrial fields. Three variables were studied in this process: temperature, ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. Statistical experimental design type Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to find a mathematical relationship between the variables and the remaining lignin percent as dependent variable. The results obtained in this study were represented by a polynomial mathematical equation of the second degree.  The results showed that the best digestion time was (80 minutes), which gave the best percent remaining concentration of lignin (3%) at temperature of 185oC and ratio of ethanol: water equal to 50: 50 wt/wt. In order to reduce digesting time, the effect of using different catalysts have been studied such as (NaOH, H2SO4, Ca (OH) 2) at low concentration (0.025, 0.025, 0.05M) respectively. It was found that the best catalyst is sodium hydroxide at concentration (0.025) mol/L which gave the same percent of  lignin 3% but with low digestion time about 30 min.

Keywords: Biomass pre-treatment, delignification, lignin, organosolv, date palm fronds.

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Brainstorming on audit Quality and its Reflection on Detecting the Risk of Fraud
...Show More Authors

Brainstorming is one of the fundamental and necessary concepts for practicing the auditing profession, as auditing standards encouraged the implementation of brainstorming sessions to reach reasonable assurance about the validity of the evidence and information obtained by the auditor to detect fraud, as the implementation of brainstorming sessions and the practice of professional suspicion during the audit process lead to increase the quality of auditing and thus raise the financial community's confidence in the auditing profession again after it was exposed to several crises that led to the financial community losing confidence in the auditing profession.

The research aims to explain the effect of brain

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Mar 26 2022
Journal Name
Nasaq Journal
An analytical study of the science textbook of the intermediate 1st grade according to life skills
...Show More Authors

The aim of this study is to develop the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade by analyzing it according to life skills. Its core areas were mental skills, environmental skills, and health skills. The analysis tool was used after verifying its validity and stability in analyzing the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade, and the results of the study resulted in the inclusion of mental skills on a high percentage of repetitions, while we find that this percentage is low in the inclusion of environmental and health skills. The study recommended the importance of achieving balance and justice in including skills in the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade, by emphasizing the environmental and health skills by incr

... Show More
Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
2D and 3D Modeling of Rock Mechanical Properties of Khasib Formation in East Baghdad Oil Field
...Show More Authors

Knowing the distribution of the mechanical rock properties and the far field stresses for the field of interest is an important task for many applications concerning reservoir geomechanics, including wellbore instability analysis, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, reservoir compaction, and subsidence. A major challenge with determining the rock's mechanical properties is that they cannot be directly measured at the borehole. Furthermore, the recovered carbonate core samples for performing measurements are limited and they provide discrete data for specific depths.

   The purpose of this study is to build 2D and 3D geomechanical models of the Khasib reservoir in the East Baghdad oil field/ Central area. TECHLOG.2015.3 softwa

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Sep 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of site of origin on fatty acid percent in sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L)
...Show More Authors

A Laboratory study was conducted in quality control department ,state company for food stuff trading ministry of trade (2005-2006) on sunflower oil imported to Iraq from different origins included 12 trade marks, Complete random design was used with four replication .The purpose of the study is to know the origins effect on fatty acid percent and study the simple correlation between them, the result showed Turkish origin for trademark (Narin) was superior in Palmitic and Stearic fatty acid (10.41,3.29%).While Omanian origin for trademark Alsafwa was superior in Oleic(35.09%) and Syrian origin for trade mark Alnahraen was superior in Linoleic fatty acid percent 66.53% whereas Egyptian origin for trademark Alasel was superior in the percent

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Nov 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Sources of Work-Related Stress among Nurses Working at Psychiatric Wards in Hospitals of Baghdad City
...Show More Authors

Objectives: The study intends to identify the sources of work-related stress that might face the nurses working at
psychiatric wards in Baghdad psychiatric hospitals and to find out a relationship between the levels of stress and
some demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study was achieved from the 10th of December, 2013 through the 10th of March, 2014.
Non-probability purposive samples of 94 nurses who work in psychiatric wards of Baghdad psychiatric hospitals
were recruited to meet the study objectives. Psychological Stress Inventory (PSI) the Arabic version, which was
modified by Abu Al-Hussein (2010) (20), was used. Data were analyzed by using the statistical analysis program of
SPSS 19th versi

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the integration of the knowledge economy and international accounting in achieving sustainable development
...Show More Authors

     The current environment is witnessing several developments as a result of the changes  taking place in all areas of economic, social , political and legal that led to the transformation of the industrial economy , which depends based on quantitative production to a knowledge economy which relies based on information and knowledge , as the central pillar of this economy during the trading  of  these information and knowledge between all individuals in general and decision makers , in particular, through information and communication technology of computers and the Internet to achieve sustainable human development in the social dimension.         &

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 24 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Comparison of three interpolation methods for the average monthly temperature in the south of Iraqi zone
...Show More Authors

This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of three interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy at climate data for some provinces of south of Iraq. Two data sets of maximum and minimum temperature in February 2008 from nine meteorological stations located in the south of Iraq using three interpolation methods. ArcGIS is used to produce the spatially distributed temperature data by using IDW, ordinary kriging, and spline. Four statistical methods are applied to analyze the results obtained from three interpolation methods. These methods are RMSE, RMSE as a percentage of the mean, Model efficiency (E) and Bias, which showed that the ordinary krigingis the best for this data from other methods by the results that have b

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Sep 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of Malondialdehyde Levels in sera, RBCs and Tissues homogenate of Iraqi Women With Breast Tumors
...Show More Authors

Breast tumors patients generally have more oxidative stress than normal females. This was clear from a highly significant elevation (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde level in RBCs, serum and tissue of all patients groups with breast cancer as compared with control group. In this study we had found that free radicals in malignant breast tumors were higher than benign tumors, therefore the MDA might be used as a marker for prognosis of the disease.

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Aug 21 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Effect of x- ray on the treatment of breast cancer combined with amygdalin and doxorubicin separately
...Show More Authors

Background: Radiation therapy has the ability to destroy healthy cells in addition to cancer cells in the area being treated. However, when radiation combines with doxorubicin, it becomes more effective on breast cancer treatment. Objective: This study aims to clarify the effect of X-ray from LINAC combined with amygdalin and doxorubicin on breast cancer treatment, and the possibility of using amygdalin with X-ray instead of doxorubicin for the breast cancer treatment. Method: Two cell lines were used in this study, the first one was MCF-7 cell line and second one was WRL- 68 normal cell line. These cells were preserved in liquid nitrogen, prepared, developed and tested in the (place). The effect of three x-ray doses combined with a

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2006
Journal Name
Ipmj-iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Elucidation of a role for the aqueous extract of borage in mammary gland growth and development
...Show More Authors

Herbal remedies are used in induction of lactation. In view of that .Borage Officinalis was employed to ensure an abundant milk supply or rectify milk insufficiency .However, this remedy has not been scientifically tested .The animals were treated with the aqueous extract of Borage Officinalis flowers at a daily concentration of 100 mg / kg body weight /ml for each rat through Oro-gastric tube for 14 days. Animals were subdivided into subgroups according to their physiological status. Mammary glands of these animals were processed for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Parameters indicated that the aqueous extract of Borage Officinalis flowers induced lactogenesis in the mammmary glands of virgin and pregnant rats

... Show More