Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source. This energy can be converted directly into electricity using solar panels. The fixed tilt solar panels are the most practical and the most widely installed throughout the world. Optimum tilt angle calculation has the advantage that it does not use expensive solar trackers. This research calculates the seasonal optimum tilt angle of solar panels for 17 cities in Iraq and 83 cities in 83 countries distributed around the world. Solar Panel Angle Calculator program was used in calculating the optimum tilt angles from vertical. The optimum tilt angle varies between 6° and 112° throughout the year. This angle for winter, spring/ autumn and summer seasons are found to be between

Mobile Wireless sensor networks have acquired a great interest recently due to their capability to provide good solutions and low-priced in multiple fields. Internet of Things (IoT) connects different technologies such as sensing, communication, networking, and cloud computing. It can be used in monitoring, health care and smart cities. The most suitable infrastructure for IoT application is wireless sensor networks. One of the main defiance of WSNs is the power limitation of the sensor node. Clustering model is an actual way to eliminate the inspired power during the transmission of the sensed data to a central point called a Base Station (BS). In this paper, efficient clustering protocols are offered to prolong network lifetime. A kern

Rapid and continuous developments and changes in the modern business environment in all areas of economic, environmental, social, technology and communications push economic units to search for modern methods and methodologies to produce products at low cost as well as produce products that meet the wishes of customers in terms of quality and environment to maintain their market position, and accounting for the costs of the flow of materials is one of the most prominent environmental management accounting techniques capable of providing information to help produce

This paper proposes a novel finite-time generalized proportional integral observer (FTGPIO) based a sliding mode control (SMC) scheme for the tracking control problem of high order uncertain systems subject to fast time-varying disturbances. For this purpose, the construction of the controller consists of two consecutive steps. First, the novel FTGPIO is designed to observe unmeasurable plant dynamics states and disturbance with its higher time derivatives in finite time rather than infinite time as in the standard GPIO. In the FTGPO estimator, the finite time convergence rate of estimations is well achieved, whereas the convergence rate of estimations by classical GPIO is asymptotic and slow. Secondly, on the basis of the finite and fast e

Background: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the commonest regular supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Ablation in the area of slow pathway (SP) has been successfully implemented in every day clinical electrophysiological practice for more than 20 years. Although the procedure is generally regarded as effective and safe, data on long-term effects and predictors of success or failure are incomplete.

In this research velocity of moving airplane from its recorded digital sound is introduced. The data of sound file is sliced into several frames using overlapping partitions. Then the array of each frame is transformed from time domain to frequency domain using Fourier Transform (FT). To determine the characteristic frequency of the sound, a moving window mechanics is used, the size of that window is made linearly proportional with the value of the tracked frequency. This proportionality is due to the existing linear relationship between the frequency and its Doppler shift. An algorithm was introduced to select the characteristic frequencies, this algorithm allocates the frequencies which satisfy the Doppler relation, beside that the tra

The research aimed at designing teaching program using jigsaw in learning spiking in volleyball as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on learning spring in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method on (25) students as experimental group and (27) students as controlling group and (15) students as pilot study group. The researchers conducted spiking tests then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the strategy have a positive effect in experimental group. Finally, the researchers recommended using the strategy in making similar studies on other subjects and skills.

This investigation proposed an identification system of offline signature by utilizing rotation compensation depending on the features that were saved in the database. The proposed system contains five principle stages, they are: (1) data acquisition, (2) signature data file loading, (3) signature preprocessing, (4) feature extraction, and (5) feature matching. The feature extraction includes determination of the center point coordinates, and the angle for rotation compensation (θ), implementation of rotation compensation, determination of discriminating features and statistical condition. During this work seven essential collections of features are utilized to acquire the characteristics: (i) density (D), (ii) average (A), (iii) s

Extended calculations for sputtering yield through bombed Nickel – target by Xenon ions plasma are accomplished. The calculations include changing the input parameters: the energy of xenon ions plasma, the hit target angle of nickel target, thickness of the nickel target layer, and the slight change in the surface binding energy of Nickel. The program TRIM is used to accomplish these calculations. The results show that the sputtering yields directly dependent on these parameters. The change in angles of incidence plasma ions and energy leads to a significant change in the sputtering yields. On the other hand, the sputtering yields ore highly affected by changing target width and surface binding energy at fixed ion parameters.