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AL-AILM MAGAZINE: The Beginning Of The Era Of Specialized Journalism In Iraq
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The winds of change witnessed by the Ottoman Empire after the constitutional coup in 1908 carried the breezes of freedom, writers and journalists were finally able to express themselves, this change was reflected on intellectual and cultural life and on freedom of publication and expression , perhaps the first thing that was affected by this change was the press, it entered a new phase in which it got rid of those restrictions and limitations imposed by the Ottoman Sultanate concerning the right to issue newspapers and freedom of publication. Iraq was the first to witness a new phase of press relief, before the constitutional coup, it was possible to count on the fingers of the hand how many newspapers were issued, that number doubled to dozens during the first months, a year later, almost 60 newspapers in different types and topics were issued, this period also witnessed the emergence of specialized newspapers. Despite the absence of the concept of specialization in the Iraqi press at that time, some newspapers’ owners chose to …, Some of them gave multiple descriptions and claimed more than a specialization; for some it can be : society, politics, philosophy or religion, and for others : literature, humour .. etc.

It seems that this general and varied description was aimed at promoting these newspapers and not to specify their subjects or restrict them by some kind of specialization, especially when these newspapers were issued in a known historical period during which society suffered from underdevelopment  in all its forms, it also struggled with illiteracy in a way that left no room for believing that the owners of these newspapers were actually addressing a specific public, as it is the case today according to the concept of specialization in the press and its modern levels. Hence our selection for AL-AILM magazine - the subject of our research - as the owner has described it as a religious, philosophical, political, scientific, and an industrial magazine, and this description identified it with specified topics, made us look through it to find out the most important trends for the owner of this magazine and the area of ​​specialization. We sought to achieve the goal of the research to subject all the issues of the magazine that we were able to obtain and were 12 issues, while we neglected the other issues for lack of availability or preservation, the research sample represented 50 percent of the total number of 24 issues distributed over two years as a monthly publication. We had to investigate the scientific topics to find how many there are, and what their percentage relative to the total topics published in the magazine, we were able to answer the questions that we asked before going into this research. Among them are:

1- What is the extent and the type of specialization in this magazine ?

2- Can this magazine be considered as the beginning of specialized journalism in    Iraq ?

3- What are the main scientific themes that the journal focused on ?

After determining the goal of the research and its main purpose, it was necessary to enter this magazine through an introduction to know the character who stood behind the issuance of this magazine, as he represents one of those who were first to issue a private newspaper, relying on himself, his abilities and his financial potential to come up with this project in a time where people thought to be a dangerous adventure. It was necessary to use some descriptive words as an introduction in order to point out the artistic and directive changes during the years of publication.

We concluded at the end of the research, with a number of clear results by careful follow-up of the general topics covered by the magazine in its mentioned issues.

It is clear from the above and through the study of the Journal of AL-AILM, and the analysis of its topics, that despite the diversity of interests between science and religion, philosophy, culture and society, but it has been predominantly scientific, while other topics came in other ranks. Perhaps this corresponds with the owner of the magazine in his well-known orientation and scientific interests, which were referred to in the talk about the life of Shahristani, it also corresponds to the name chosen for the magazine ((Science)).  If the dominance of scientific interest over other interests at the turn of the twentieth century can be singled out from the rest, it is nowadays a step towards a journalistic discipline that a century ago, was not able to find a clear place and a precise definition. The scientific-based topic was predominant with no doubt, it is mainly scientific before being religious, philosophical or otherwise, most importantly because we deal with the language of numbers while analyzing the topics and pointing out its interests. These numbers proved that scientific topics were ranked first amongst other concerns, which satisfies the ambitions and achieve the goals of the owner by sharing science and knowledge in a society dominated by illiteracy, ignorance, poverty and disease. However, the desire of a figure like Shahristani in the enlightenment was behind the support and continuation of the publication of this magazine, which kept being issued for two years based on the personal financial possibilities of its owner and supported by a scientific and a cognitive overflow, reduced by the mentality of the cleric and journalist who sacrificed everything for the press and its role in the enlightenment, education and teaching. Therefore, we find the magazine and over the years of its publication, fought a war against ignorance and for the sake of science, until it got hindered by obstacles and problems that led the owner to leave the country for being threatened, and stopped publishing after its second year.

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of the law of amending the unified pension law No. (26) of 2019 on the size of tax revenues An applied research on a sample of Iraqi public universities: أثر تطبيق قانون التقاعد الموحد رقم (26) لسنة 2019 على حجم الايرادات الضريبية
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The contribution rate of tax revenues in the federal budget is very small compared to the rate of contribution of oil revenues and this leads to negative repercussions on the Iraqi economy and the budget becomes a prisoner of high and low oil prices, and this is a problem that needs to be studied to know the extent of the impact of economic and political decisions on the size of tax revenue and The research goal is determined in studying the effect of amending the Unified Law No (26) of 2019 on the size of annual tax revenues .                                   &

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 07 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effective of utilization Blending learning on academic achievement in Biology course of second class students in secondary special schools in Omdurman Locality and attitudes towards it.
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This research aimed to definite Blending learning (BL) technique, and to know the impact of its use onacademic achievement in Biology course of second class students in secondary special schools in Omdurman Locality and attitudes towards it, to achieve this; researcher adopted the experimental method. The sample was selected of (41) students, chosen from Atabiyah school, were divided into two equals groups: one experimental group reached (26) students studied by using the  BL technique, and the second control group (25) students have been taught in the traditional method.

   Data has collected by using two tools: achievement test and a questionnaire for measuring the attitudes towards Blend

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 18 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessing the Nursing Knowledge and Practices in Premature Feeding in Premature Units
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Objectives: ٨ descriptive study has been conducted in the premature baby unit in Al-Khansaa' and Al-Batool
hospitals for maternity and children in Mosul city to assess knowledge and practice of the nursing staff in the
caring of premature infants. A descriptive study has been conducted in the premature baby unit in Al-Khansaa'
and Al-Batool hospitals for maternity and children in Mosul city to assess knowledge and practice of the nursing
staff in the caring of premature infants.
Methodology: the data were collected by using knowledge assessment and practice measurement tool.
Results: the results of the study show that high percentages (about 40%) of the staff who work in the premature
baby units are of the young age

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Brucella antibod titres base line in the healthy individuals in haweja city
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152 sera were collected from healthy individuals residing A;-Haweja City were tested for antibody titers for brucella antigens by slide agglutination test

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 10 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Undermining Humanism in Foucault's mind and its implications in the pop art
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The following research has been dealing ( Undermining Humanism in Foucault's thought and its implications in the pop art. meanings and facts which become in the process of the post-modernist.So the research's problem is to ask for undermining Humanism in Foucault's thought and how it formed through the formality of processors and the technical and stylistic and contents in pop art.. How are these technical aspects interact with each other to undermine the humanism in Foucault's mind and with system humanity, intellectual and social relations in the post-modern society . The contents of the first chapter, is the aim of the research, which aims to undermine know humanism in Foucault's mind and its implications in pop art , within the limit

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Iraq's role in US security arrangements In the Greater Middle East project
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إن موضوع الشرق الأوسط بشكل عام اتخذ أهمية كبيرة في الكتابات والمؤلفات التي صدرت منذ بداية النصف الأول من عقد التسعينات من القرن المنصرم مع بدايات مشاريع السلام التي أعقبت انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي وتغير الخارطة السياسية والاقتصادية والايديولوجية للعالم .وعلى الرغم ان المصطلح ليس بجديد الا ان تعابير المصطلح وددلالاته تتغير مع تغير موازين القوى واتجاهات المصالح. إذ انتقل من مصطلح جغرافي الى

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
European Academic Research
Double Victimization for Black Woman in Susan Lori Parks In the Blood
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BMMAM Saleh, EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2016

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Environmental awareness in the curriculum and its role in sustainable environmental planning
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                The goal of current research to the definition of environmental awareness in the curriculum and its role in sustainable environmental planning, was the research community official regular educational schools (kindergarten, primary, secondary) for the province of Baghdad - Iraq, the sample consisted search of (100) teacher and a teacher, and what research was descriptive analytical, researchers have selected the right tool for the research procedures (closed) questionnaire, distributed to the research sample, has been used by researchers appropriate statistical methods for procedures including: the weighted average extraction unit paragraph,

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The "actor network theory" approach in dealing with landscapes in historical centers
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The historical center's landscape suffers from neglect, despite their importance and broad capabilities in enhancing the cultural value of the historical center, as landscape includes many heterogeneous human and non-human components, material and immaterial, natural and manufactured, also different historical layers, ancient, modern and contemporary. Due to the difference in these components and layers, it has become difficult for the designer to deal with it. Therefore, the research was directed by following a methodology of actor-network theory as it deals with such a complex system and concerned with an advanced method to connect the various components of considering landscape as a ground that can include various elements and deal wi

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The adaptation and the different modifications of borrowed Arabic Plurals in Modern Turkish: Kökende Çoğul Olarak Kullanılan Arapça Kelimelerin Türkçe’ye Geçmesi ve Türkiye Türkçesinde Kullanım Şekilleri
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In the tenth century, Turks began to convert into Islam and adopted for official and literary use the Arabic language to study the teachings of the new religion they believed in. The use of  many of the loanwords have become absolute in the Ottoman period, but even in Modern Turkish a large number of loanwords from Arabic can be often recognized because they are not subject to the strict rules of Turkish. Yet, some of these words lost its original meaning and acquired new different Turkish meaning. Moreover, some of the Arabic nouns of singular form in Turkish, modified the plural Turkish form. The present study entitled “the adaptation and the different modifications of borrowed Arabic Plurals in Modern Turkish” sheds light on

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