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IRAQ BETWEEN A CULTURE OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE
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The title takes its realistic connotations with its symbols, slogans and historical extensions in Iraq, also, the repercussions of the organic crisis that afflicted it for almost half a century, especially after the abortion of the July 14 Revolution and the spread of the culture of weapons, violence and death that we are living in Iraq nowadays.

The topic is suitable for critical analytical studies carried out by specialists in scientific and academic research centers and cultural institutions because they have an important feasibility at the strategic cultural level in Iraq, the Middle East and the world.

Research in Iraq has fallen to the extreme and is no longer effective, to the extent that it represents a severe crisis as it lacks freedom and suitable scientific conditions. 

We try in the following pages to discuss this subject from its political, social and sectarian content, as well as, taking advantage of the Iraqi author references, books "memos" and historical testimonies of some leaders, either because they have begun to feel the responsibility, or because some of them were free to publish his manuscript views after his death!

The topic is suitable for critical analytical studies carried out by specialists in scientific and academic research centers and cultural institutions because they have an important feasibility at the strategic cultural level in Iraq and the Middle East and the world.

In any case, it remains a positive point of light in self-criticism and experience in rebuilding man and society on new foundations, away from those black claws that have been ravaging Iraq and Iraqis and messing with slogans over time.

The researcher in the political topic in Iraq opposes the circumstances of the emergence of the Iraqi state and the establishment of the military "national" formations, which became a permanent base in the conflicts and the acquisition of Iraq which has been used to resolve disputes between military leaders, suppression of movements of protest, insurgency, popular uprisings, the emergence of "coup", blocs  and personal relations. Perhaps “Sectarianism” may have had an influential role in containing and controlling the military by involving the country in political conflicts and take control over by the mean of these "national" leaders. The cultural environment of these national officers was limited in their professional positions through the military culture they had acquired in their senior ranks in the Iraqi army, as well as, in the Ottoman Empire or through their social affiliation to feudal and tribal families, which had a

special privileges for Britain as one of the first and most important pillars of the occupation and the monarchy in Iraq from its inception until its overthrow in the national revolution of July 1958.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
D.C conductivity of In2O3: SnO2 thin films and manufacturing of gas sensor
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Compounds were prepared from In2O3 doped SnO2 with different doping ratio by mixing and sintering at 1000oC. Pulsed Laser Deposition PLD was used to deposit thin films of different doping ratio In2O3: SnO2 (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 % wt.) on glass and p-type wafer Si(111) substrates at ambient temperature under vacuum of 10-3 bar thickness of ~100nm. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the structural type, grain size and morphology of the prepared thin films. The results show the structures of thin films was also polycrystalline, and the predominate peaks are identical with standard cards ITO. On the other side the prepared thin films declared a reduction of degree of crystallinity with the increase of doping ra

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 20 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Globalization and the identity of the mental image structure of urban spaces
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This research discusses the subject of identity in the urban environment as it attempts to answer a number of questions that come with the concept of identity. The first of these questions: What is identity? Can a definition or conceptual framework be developed for identity? What about individual, collective, cultural, ethnic, political and regional identity? Is there a definition of identity in the urban environment in particular? If there is a definition of identity, what about social mobility responsible for social change? How can we see identity through this kinetics? Can we assume that identity in the urban environment has a variable structure or is of variable shape with a more stable structure? Can we determine the spatial-tempora

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Investigation of Structural, Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Cu Doped TiO2
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In this work, Pure and Cu: doped titanium dioxide nano-powder was prepared through a solid-state method. the dopant concentration [Cu/TiO2 in atomic percentage (wt%)] is derived from 0 to 7 wt.%. structural properties of the samples performed with XRD revealed all nanopowders are of titanium dioxide having polycrystalline nature. Physical and Morphological studies were conducted using a scanning electronic microscope SEM test instrument to confirm the grain size and texture. The other properties of samples were examined using an optical microscope, Lee's Disc, Shore D hardness instrument, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results showed that the thermal conductivity

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis of Schiff Bases of Benzaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde as Anti-inflammatory Agents
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Three Schiff bases from Benzaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde have been synthesized (A, 1and 2) and two of them (1and 2) have been tested for anti-inflammatory activity. The p-aminobenzene sulfonamide has been synthesized from acetanilide through the addition of excess chlorosulfonic acid then concentrated ammonia solution; Schiff base of this derivative (2) exhibited good level of activity against egg-white induced edema in rat hind paw, while the other tested derivative exhibited no activity.

Key words: Schiff bases, sulfonamide derivatives, salicylaldehyde

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The sustainable conflict of globalization And indicators of power rebalancingIn Islamic thought
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 Our research was launched in the study of the sustainable conflict of globalization and the rebalancing of the great powers that have made life on the earth unstable and insecure over the past and present eras, the purpose of which is to pay attention to the waste and instability that human societies are exposed to in different proportions between abstract right and continuous deviation.

The purpose of the study is to show the loss, waste and backwardness in managing and governing societies towards private interests, away from the standards of good institutional governance.

The study’s design was based on two demands, the first on the nature and eternity of

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Influence of substrate temperature on structural and optical properties of SnO2 films
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Tin Oxide (SnO2) films have been deposited by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures. The effects of substrate temperature on the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 films have been investigated. The XRD result shows a polycrystalline structure for SnO2 films at substrate temperature of 673K. The thickness of the deposited film was of the order of 200 nm measured by Toulansky method. The energy gap increases from 2.58eV to 3.59 eV when substrate temperature increases from 473K to 673K .Electrical conductivity is 4.8*10-7(.cm)-1 for sample deposited at 473K while it increases to 8.7*10-3 when the film is deposited at 673K

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Risk-health Related Behaviors of Female Adolescents and Their Determinants
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Objectives: The study aims to assess the female adolescents’ risk-health behaviors, to identify their
determinants, to determine the association between the risk health behaviors and the stage of
adolescence for these females' demographic variable.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (268) female adolescents is selected from intermediate and
secondary schools in Baghdad City. These adolescents have presented the age of (14-19) year old and
divided into two groups of (14-16) year and (17-19) year. A questionnaire is constructed for the purpose
of the study, it is composed of (10) major parts, and the overall items, which are included in the
questionnaire, are (106) item. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2001
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
INHERITANCE OF DARK HEAD AND SIPHON IN THE LARVAE OF CULEXQUINQEFASCIATUS SAY
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A new spontaneous mutation (dh) is described for Culex quinquefasciatus Say. This
phenotype was observed in the second generation to cause complete coloration of the head
capsule and the siphon of the larvae. This character is mainly detectable in the larval stage
and slightly in the adult stage.
The reciprocal mass matting between mutants from F2 generation and normal wild type
sibs, revealed that the mode of inheritance can be controlled by an autosomal recessive
gene(s). This happened for both sexes with slightly variability in their expression. No
significant larval mortalities were found in all crosses.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Concept of the Constitution and the most Important of Human Rights
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The Concept of the Constitution and the most Important of Human Rights

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Prestressed Perforated Concrete Rafters of Different Configurations
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Abstract<p>This paper demonstrates an experimental and numerical study aimed to compare the influence of openings of different configurations on the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete rafters. The experimental program consisted of testing six simply supported prestressed concrete rafters; 5 rafters are perforated, and the other one is solid as a reference. All rafters were tested under monotonic midpoint load. The variable which has been investigated in this work was the opening’s configuration (quadrilateral or circular) with the same upper and lower chords depths. The results indicate improvement in the beam flexural behavior using the circular openings compared to the quadrilateral o</p> ... Show More
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