يتطلب تحقيق تمايز الوحدة الاقتصادية في ظل استعمال تقنيات الأعمال الحديثة وازدياد المنافسة وعالمية الأعمال ضرورة الاهتمام بمستوى نوعية المنتجات وما تتطلبه هذه النوعية من كلف والتي تسمى بكلف النوعية، إذ ان العديد من الشركات العالمية قد قامت بدراسة وتحليل هذه الكلف ووضع برامج خاصة بها بهدف تخفيضها إلى أدنى حدٍ ممكن وبما يكفل تحقيق العديد من المنافع والتوفيرات في هذه الكلف وبما يرشد عملية اتخاذ القرارات

GIS is characterized by great potentialeties to deal with huge geographical data and conclude what is necessary for it. It was very useful to get use of the potentialities of this system of GIS in the field of archaeology and to harvest very accurate results in a relatively short time, compared to the old archaeological methods.

Quantum channels enable the achievement of communication tasks inaccessible to their
classical counterparts. The most famous example is the distribution of secret keys. Unfortunately, the rate
of generation of the secret key by direct transmission is fundamentally limited by the distance. This limit
can be overcome by the implementation of a quantum repeater. In order to boost the performance of the
repeater, a quantum repeater based on cut-off with two different types of quantum memories is suggestd,
which reduces the effect of decoherence during the storage of a quantum state.

إن التغيرات السريعة والبعيدة المدى في تكنولوجيا المعلومات القائمة على أساس الالكترونيات الدقيقة تساعد في حدوث تحول في صورة الاقتصاد العالمي، وكذلك تساعد في تغيير المزايا التنافسية للبلدان، وربط المؤسسات البعيدة ببعضها البعض، ونشر الخدمات المالية على نطاق عالمي، وكذلك إثارة مشكلات جديدة او العكس فتح فرص جديدة أمام تنمية ونمو أفقر البلدان .

وأدت هذه التكنولوجيا الجديد

Arabic humanity heritage had considered as a treasure of artistic, literary aspects, which is full of energies to embody investment by suitable historical ideology.

Theatre, art can be used, corresponded to make special essay reflecting a desire to establish cultural notification.

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In contemporary cities, the expansion of the use of vehicles has led to the deterioration of the urban environment. To counter this, many concepts and strategies emerged that attempted to regulate mobility in cities and limit its effects. The concept of a "complete street" is one of the modern trends concerned with diversifying means of transportation and reducing the disadvantages of mechanical transportation methods This paper discusses the role that complete streets can play in developing the urban environment in the Alyarmok District of Baghdad, which suffers from traffic congestion and its associated problems.In this study, 104 people were surveyed in the Alyarmok region, and the linear regression method was used to analyze their op

In this research, the focus was on estimating the parameters on (min- Gumbel distribution), using the maximum likelihood method and the Bayes method. The genetic algorithmmethod was employed in estimating the parameters of the maximum likelihood method as well as  the Bayes method. The comparison was made using the mean error squares (MSE), where the best  estimator  is the one who has the least mean squared error. It was noted that the best estimator was (BLG_GE).