Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a patho-physiologic process with multiple etiologies, resulting in the inexorable attrition of Nephron number and function and frequently leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In turn, ESRD represents a clinical state or condition in which there has been an irreversible loss of endogenous renal function, of a degree sufficient to render the patient permanently dependent upon renal replacement therapy (dialysis of transplantation) in order to avoid life threatening uremia. The current study was applied on 80 patients, the age range within 25-70 years, selected sample of patients who attend Iraqi center of kidney dialysis, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Yarmok Teaching Hospital . All t

This study aimed to investigate the effect of total suspended solids (TSS) on the performance of a continuously operated dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) proceeded by primary clarifier to treat actual potato chips processing wastewater. The system was also tested in the absence of the primary clarifier and the results demonstrated a significant effect of TSS on the polarization curve of the MFC which was obtained by operating the graphite anodic electrode against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The maximum observed power and current densities were decreased form 102.42 mW/m² and 447.26 mA/m² to 80.16 mW/m² and 299.10 mA/m², respectively due to the adverse effect of TSS. Also

This study was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on the proliferation of primary cancer cell cultures, obtained from tumor samples that were collected from (13) cancer patients and as follows: (five colon cancer patients, two bladder cancer patients, two breast cancer patients, two stomach cancer patients and two lung cancer patients), and on normal cell line (rat embryonic fibroblast / REF) (in vitro) with the use of different concentrations starting from (1) mg/ml and ending with (0.0002) mg/ml by making two fold serial dilutions by using the 96- well microtiter plate, and in comparison with negative (PBS) and positive (MMC, at concentration

Background: Fruits and their by-products are the primary sources of bioactive chemicals in plants. Because of its phytochemical richness, Annona squamosa fruits have gained the alertness of people willing in health-promoting diets. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility effect of ethanolic crude extract of Annona squamosa pulp against a human normal cell line as a mouthwash for children. Material and method: The ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa pulp was extracted using the ultrasonic method and then lyophilized to make it powder. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) test was performed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the pulp extract on a human normal cell l

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Effect of Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) Alcoholic Leaves Extract on Streptococcus Oralis (Dental Plaque’s Primary Colonizer), Manar Ibrahim

Statin drugs act by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase which is responsible for manufacture of cholesterol and the biosynthesis essential energy production Co-factor (Coenzyme Q10). The aim from this research includes study the effect of statin drugs (Simvastatin and Atorvastatin) on the Coenzyme Q10 using differential pulse polarographic technique at a dropping mercury electrode (DME) and in a mixture of [4:1] methanol-phosphate buffer of pH7.0 as supporting an electrolyte. Prior to this, the behaviors of Simvastatin, Atorvastatin and Coenzyme Q10 were studied separately in their solvents. The half-wave potential (E1/2) of Co Q10 were -0.31volt and -1.37Volt, -1.33 Volt for simvastatin and atorvastatin respectively. A mixture of Co

This paper addresses the substrate temperature effect on the structure, morphological and optical properties of copper oxide (CuO) thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method on sapphire substrate of 150nm thickness. The films deposited at two different substrate temperatures (473 and 673)K. The atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-VIS transmission spectroscopy were employed to characterize the size, morphology, crystalline structure and optical properties of the prepared thin films. The surface characteristics were studied by using AFM. It is found that as the substrate temperature increases, the grain size increased but the surface roughness decreased.  The FTIR spec