The finding of novel pollutants in a multitude of surface water bodies worldwide has recently caused environmentalists to face challenges. Therefore, the development of low-cost, efficient technologies is required to provide a safe, pollution-free water environment. The attapulgite surface was used in this study because it has a good absorbent surface for removing bromocresol purple dye from its aqueous solutions. Because attapulgite has a high absorption capacity, it can be used to remove pollutants in both its normal and modified states. Factors affecting adsorption were studied, such as the weight of the adsorbent surface, the initial concentration of the adsorbent, contact time, and the effect of temperature. Clay was ground, cleaned multiple times with ionic distilled water to remove any potentially dissolving materials, and then dried at 160°C. After that, each vial was filled with attapulgite clay, which was then placed in contact with the adsorbent at varying temperatures in a water bath with a vibrator. Adsorption data were also applied to isothermal models such as the isotherms of the Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir. Their constants showed that the Freundlich model is the most appropriate for the system under study. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆S° ∆, and H° were also studied, and it was found that the adsorption is of the exothermic type and is non-spontaneous. According to the study, the bromocresol purple dye can be effectively removed using activated attapulgite clay, a cheap and easily accessible adsorbent material that was transported from Iraq.
Due to the broad range uses of chromium for industrial purposes, besides its carcinogenic effect, an efficient, cost effective removal method should be obtained. In this study, cow bones as a cheap raw material were utilized to produce active carbon (CBAC) by physiochemical activation, which was characterized using: SEM to investigate surface morphology and BET to estimate the specific surface area. The best surface area of CBAC was 595.9 m2/gm which was prepared at 600 ᵒC activation temperature and impregnation ratio of 1:1.5. CBAC was used in aqueous chromium ions adsorption. The investigated factors and their ranges are: initial concentration (10-50 mg/L), adsorption time (30-300 min), temperature (20-50
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A mixture of algae biomass (Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyte) has been investigated for its possible adsorption removal of cationic dyes (methylene blue, MB). Effect of pH (1-8), biosorbent dosage (0.2-2 g/100ml), agitated speed (100-300), particle size (1304-89μm), temperature (20-40˚C), initial dye concentration (20-300 mg/L), and sorption–desorption were investigated to assess the algal-dye sorption mechanism. Different pre-treatments, alkali, protonation, and CaCl2 have been experienced in order to enhance the adsorption capacity as well as the stability of the algal biomass. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The maximum dye-sorption capacity was 26.65 mg/g at pH= 5, 25
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Azo dyes like methyl orange (MO) are very toxic components due to their recalcitrant properties which makes their removal from wastewater of textile industries a significant issue. The present study aimed to study their removal by utilizing aluminum and Ni foam (NiF) as anodes besides Fe foam electrodes as cathodes in an electrocoagulation (EC) system. Primary experiments were conducted using two Al anodes, two NiF anodes, or Al-NiF anodes to predict their advantages and drawbacks. It was concluded that the Al-NiF anodes were very effective in removing MO dye without long time of treatment or Ni leaching at in the case of adopting the Al-Al or NiF-NiF anodes, respectively. The structure and surface morphology of the NiF electrode were inves
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A total of nine swab samples were collected from inflamed teeth and gingiva of human’soral cavity from a dentist clinic in Baghdad. All specimens were cultured in Mitis Salivarius agar medium and the isolated bacterial pure colonies werethen identified by using VITEK2. Three samples were diagnosed and identified as Staphylococcus lentus. One of the three isolates which showed a distinctive heavy growth on the media was selected for further analysis in this study. Paper disk diffusion method was used to detect the antibacterial activityof three of mouthwash solutions (Zak, Colgate and Listerine). The results showed that “Colgate†was the most active solution with antibacterial activity compared with the other two s
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Alice Walker (1944) ranks among the greatest American writers of the twentieth century. Through her novels Meridian and the color Purple, Alice outlines many issues concerning the effect of authoritarian thinking upon its often innocent victims, and the possibility of meaningful, productive resistance. Walker's texts aim at giving a voice to those who have no voice especially those poor, rural black women who are robbed of power and the right to make decisions about their own lives by a range of forces standing against them. These texts also aim at clarifying how Walker's female protagonists, Meridian and Celia try to free themselves from oppression, misery , fear and underestimation
... Show MoreIn this work the production of activated carbon (AC) from Imperata is done by microwave assisted Potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation and using this activated carbon for the purpose of the uptake of amoxicillin (AMX) by adsorption process from aqueous solution. The effects for irradiation power (450-800W), irradiation time (6-12min) as well as impregnation ratio (0.5-1 g/g) on the AMX uptake and yield AMX uptake at an initial concentration of AMX (150 mg/g). The optimum conditions were 700 W irradiation power, 10 min time of irradiation, as well as 0.8 g/g impregnation ratio with 14.821% yield and 12.456 mg/g AMX uptake. Total volume of hole and the area of the surface (BET) are 0.3027 m³/g, and 552.7638 m²/g respectively. The properti
... Show MoreTrickle irrigation is one of the most conservative irrigation techniques since it implies supplying water directly on the soil through emitters. Emitters dissipate energy of water at the end of the trickle irrigation system and provide water at emission points. The area wetted by an emitter depends upon the discharge of emitter, soil texture, initial soil water content, and soil permeability. The objectives of this research were to predict water distribution profiles through different soils for different conditions and quantify the distribution profiles in terms of main characteristics of soil and emitter. The wetting patterns were simulated at the end of each hour for a total time of application of 12 hrs, emitter disch
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The extraction of iron from aqueous chloride media in presence of aluminum was studied at different kinds of extractants(cyclohexanone, tributyl phosphate, diethyl ketone), different values of normality (pH of the feed solution), agitation time, agitation speed, operating temperature, phase ratio (O/A), iron concentration in the feed, and extractant concentration]. The stripping of iron from organic solutions was also studied at different values of normality (pH of the strip solution) and phase ratio (A/O). Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of iron and aluminum in the aqueous phase throughout the experiments.The best values of extraction coefficient and stripping coefficient are obtained under the
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