Abstrct The Turkish political system has undergone exceptional and unprecedented circumstances, represented by a series of security and political unrest that has cast its shadow over the Turkish state and regional and international challenges. It has never been a pretext or pretext for continuing the comprehensive reform process. The constitutional amendments of the 1982 Constitution, Justice and development, whether political, economic or social, is not a reaction to a difficult reality; it is a system of governance and a national option stemming from within. It promotes national unity and enshrines democracy and the concept of public rights and freedoms.

     This paper considers the maximum number of weekly cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq from its outbreak in February 2020 until the first of July 2022. Some probability distributions were fitted to the data. Maximum likelihood estimates were obtained and the goodness of fit tests were performed. Results revealed that the maximum weekly cases were best fitted by the Dagum distribution, which was accepted by three goodness of fit tests. The generalized Pareto distribution best fitted the maximum weekly deaths, which was also accepted by the goodness of fit tests. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Easy-Fit software and Microsoft Excel 2019.

Background: Universal precautions, as defined by centers for disease control (CDC), are a set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus , hepatitis B virus , and other blood borne pathogens when providing first aid or health care .
Objectives: To measure knowledge of and practice towards universal precautions among healthcare workers (apart from doctors) in Baghdad Teaching Hospital .
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of two months from 26th of February to the end of April 2007 in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City ,Baghdad to assess the knowledge and practice of 110 health care workers towards the use of universal preca

Background: The present work investigated the profile and biodiversity of the pathogenic streptococci species isolated from local and imported mozzarella soft cheese in Baghdad City from October 2022 to January 2023. The study aimed to examine the molecular characterization of 16Sr RNA gene in some streptococcus species isolates from mozzarella soft cheese in Baghdad city Methods: From 50 samples, 8 isolates in all were found and identified based on the VITEK, molecular, and sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. The eight isolates represented Lactococcus cremoris. Streptococcus alactolyticus, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus thoraltensis. The isolates were subjected to conventional PCR and electrophoresis to detect the 16SrRNA gene usi

Administrative corruption is a concept that includes the abuse of entrusted power for personal benefit. It has become a prominent contemporary problem affecting all government systems around the world. It involves widespread harm and negative impact on progress and development, and is considered a threat at the international level because it impedes development programs and undermines the interests of the public. Administrative corruption threatens modern governments, distorts public policies, causes weaknesses in the oversight system, and affects the distribution of resources.

Islamic law is considered a pioneer in diagnosing this type of problem, as it provides clear solutions to eliminate administrative corruption, as Islamic

Background: Epithelial salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and constitute a wide spectrum of variable morphologic and biologic entities. The cell proliferation / death balance is most important in the development of salivary gland tumours. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PCNA protein immunohistochemically and Bax mRNA gene using in situ hybridization techniques and to correlate between the clinicopathological features of salivary gland tumours with the expressions of PCNA protein and Bax mRNA. Materials and Methods: Forty nine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of epithelial salivary gland tumours were used in this study. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was used for reassessment of the histopath

In Iraq, more than 1031 school projects have been halted due to disputes and claims resulting from financial, contractual, or other issues. This research aims to identify, prioritize, and allocate the most critical risk factors that threaten these projects’ success for the duration (2017-2022). Based on a multi-step methodology developed through systematic literature reviews, realistic case studies, and semi-structured interviews, 47 risk factors were identified. Based on 153 verified responses, the survey reveals that the top-ranked risk factors are corruption and bribery, delaying the payments of the financial dues to the contractors or sub-contractors, absence of risk management strategy, multiple change orders due