Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem and many studies support the link between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular events.  Aldosterone has been shown for decades that a plasma aldosterone concentration is elevated in CKD. Whilst, Osteoprotegerin (OPG), after its capacity to protect bone, also osteoprotegerin is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), where it could predict the deterioration of kidney function, cardiovascular, vascular events and all-cause mortality. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), in patients with CKD, its levels seem to increase progressively as kidney function worsens. The aim of the present study is to assess the correlations between serum osteoprotegerin

Renal function tests are commonly used in clinical practice to look for renal disease, the most common includes the serum urea, uric acid and creatinine. Heart failure patients have a higher incidence of renal function test abnormalities than individuals who do not have heart failure disease. Fifty subjects of adults (male) were divided in to two groups, 25 subjects (healthy) as control (group1) and 25 subjects with heart failure (group 2). Our results indicate that serum uric acid, urea, and creatinine values were significantly elevated (P≤0.05) in patients group (2) compared with healthy group (1). The results also showed, the effect of age categories on uric acid blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values (P≤0.05) and there were no si

Objective: This study aims to assess the awareness of patients suffering from cardiovascular
diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive design was applied in this study. A purposive sample consisted of
(100) patients with cardiovascular disease in the Mosul's hospitals were interviewed to achieve study
objectives. A questionnaire was used for data collection after tested for validity and reliability by pilot
study.
Results: The study results showed the mean of patients awareness are (1.78) cut point of (3) and
the majority of patients84% were aged more than 50 years or above. Slightly increase proportion of
male more than females. Most of them are married81%, retired, smokers, and a period of developing
the disease a

Over the last few years the role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been widely discussed.  Advance in basic science have established a fundamental role for inflammation immediating all stages of cardiovascular diseases. Chlamydia pneumoniae activates immune cells to produce cytokines such us TNF-α that are important contributor to atherosclerosis. All blood samples were assayed for molecular detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) relying on16SrRNAand the level of serum TNF-α measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Seventy patients who suffering from CVD (angina, myocardial Infarction and atherosclerosis) aged between 33-86 y

Abstract:
The current research aims to distinguish the talent for the kindergarten
children and its relation with some changes . The research included ( 170 )
child (male , female ) from the kindergarten children on the year 2009 – 2010
the researcher had used PRED meter to achieve the goals of this research
after being sure from the honesty and the prove and the ( person ) connection
coefficient had been used to discover the relation between the talent and the
changes which had been mentioned in the research . The result proved that
the children had talents the toys and the educational scientifically scholarship
finally the researcher had presented some recommendations and suggestions
for other studies .<

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease and it accounts for over 10% of all hospital medical admission. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT) is a common complication of COPD and the increase in pulmonary artery pressure is often mild to moderate. The presence of pulmonary arterial pressure and its severity is readily and reliably determined by transthoracic echocardiography in majority of COPD patients.
Patients and Methods: This study included 55 patients with mean age 65.6 ±8.2 years .The mean duration of symptoms was 18 ±10 months. 32 patients (58%) were current smoker, 18 patients (33%) were exsmoker and 5 pat

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death among type 2 diabetic patients. Higher levels of plasminogen activator urokinase receptor have been found to predict morbidity and mortality across acute and chronic diseases in the common populace. This study aims to explore the role of serum plasminogen activator urokinase receptor levels as a cardiometabolic risk factor among type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients. Methods: Seventy type 2 diabetic patients (40 male and 30 female) (mean age: 46.20±7.56 years) participated in this study; 35 patients were with cardiovascular disease and 35 were without cardiovascular disease; their ages range was 40-55 years. In addition, 30 individuals who apparently healthy were selected a

Background: Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process, being present in one vascular bed predicts its presence in the others. Ankle –Brachial Pressure Index (ABI) is a simple index related to the extent of atherosclerosis in coronary and noncoronary arterial beds, reflecting generalized atherosclerosis.
Objectives: the aim of this study is to evaluate the relation of ABI to left ventricular systolic function using echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Patients and Methods: Sixty seven patients (67) with CAD of either sex (70% males) with mean age 58± 6 years enrolled in this study, from December 2013 till May 2014; all were referred to the Iraqi Centre for Heart Disease (I.C.H.D.) for further evalua

Background:
There are many circulatory changes that occur during exercise in order to supply the tremendous blood flow required by the muscles during the stimulatory effects on circulation
by the mass sympathetic discharge, the increased arterial pressure and cardiac output. The metabolic effects and the oxidative stress as a result of the work load on cardiac and skeletal
muscles could also show changes.
Objective:
This study was designed to investigate the effects of aging process on the vascular response during exercise and also in the oxidative stress according to age.
Subjects and Methods: 
Eight healthy Iraqi subjects were enrolled in this study. Divided into three groups according to a

Background: The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently delayed, because clinical clues are neglected and respiratory symptoms are ascribed to more common pulmonary diagnosis such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the primary care setting.
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of open lung biopsy in patients with suspected ILD in relation to clinical and radiological features.
Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients were admitted with suspected interstitial lung disease (ILD), and scheduled for open lung biopsy (OLB) in Ghazi AL-Hariri hospital for surgical specialty, were included in this study. Data collected from the patient's files (who were subjected to open lung biopsies which