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Real-Time Intersection-Based Segment Aware Routing Algorithm for Urban Vehicular Networks
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High vehicular mobility causes frequent changes in the density of vehicles, discontinuity in inter-vehicle communication, and constraints for routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The routing must avoid forwarding packets through segments with low network density and high scale of network disconnections that may result in packet loss, delays, and increased communication overhead in route recovery. Therefore, both traffic and segment status must be considered. This paper presents real-time intersection-based segment aware routing (RTISAR), an intersection-based segment aware algorithm for geographic routing in VANETs. This routing algorithm provides an optimal route for forwarding the data packets toward their destination by considering the traffic segment status when choosing the next intersection. RTISAR presents a new formula for assessing segment status based on connectivity, density, load segment, and cumulative distance toward the destination. A verity period mechanism is proposed to denote the projected period when a network failure is likely to occur in a particular segment. This mechanism can be calculated for each collector packet to minimize the frequency of RTISAR execution and to control the generation of collector packets. As a result, this mechanism minimizes the communication overhead generated during the segment status computation process. Simulations are performed to evaluate RTISAR, and the results are compared with those of intersection-based connectivity aware routing and traffic flow oriented routing. The evaluation results provided evidence that RTISAR outperforms in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet delivery delay, and communication overhead.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 18 2025
Journal Name
Mathematical Methods In The Applied Sciences
Time‐Dependent Term Identification in the Time–Space Fractional Derivative Diffusion Equation From Integral Over Specified Condition
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ABSTRACT<p> In this paper, a time–space fractional order inverse source problem to determine the temperature solution and the time‐dependent source term from heat moment to the time–space fractional heat equation with an initial condition, homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, and integral overdetermination condition is investigated. Two unconditionally stable finite difference schemes are proposed to find a numerical solution of the direct problem. Namely, method I is based on the approximation of the time‐fractional derivative via Laplace transformation, whereas method II is based on finite difference approximation. The inverse problem is solved iteratively </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 27 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of University Of Babylon
Reduce the required time for measuring the permeability of clayey soils by using new manufactured cell
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Reduce the required time for measuring the permeability of clayey soils by using new manufactured cell

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Prediction of Equilibrium Mixing Index and Optimum Mixing Time for Three solid materials in Fluidized Column
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     Equilibrium and rate of mixing of free flowing solid materials are found using gas fluidized bed. The solid materials were sand (size 0.7 mm), sugar (size0.7 mm) and 15% cast iron used as a tracer. The fluidizing gas was air with velocity ranged from 0.45-0.65 m/s while the mixing time was up to 10 minutes. The mixing index for each experiment was calculated by averaging the results of 10 samples taken from different radial and axial positions in fluidized QVF column 150 mm ID and 900 mm height.

     The experimental results were used in solving a mathematical model of mixing rate and mixing index at an equilibrium proposed by Rose. The results show that mixing index increases with inc

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Isa Transactions
Design of a Complex fractional Order PID controller for a First Order Plus Time Delay system
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 22 2022
Journal Name
Aro-the Scientific Journal Of Koya University
Classification of Different Shoulder Girdle Motions for Prosthesis Control Using a Time-Domain Feature Extraction Technique
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Abstract—The upper limb amputation exerts a significant burden on the amputee, limiting their ability to perform everyday activities, and degrading their quality of life. Amputee patients’ quality of life can be improved if they have natural control over their prosthetic hands. Among the biological signals, most commonly used to predict upper limb motor intentions, surface electromyography (sEMG), and axial acceleration sensor signals are essential components of shoulder-level upper limb prosthetic hand control systems. In this work, a pattern recognition system is proposed to create a plan for categorizing high-level upper limb prostheses in seven various types of shoulder girdle motions. Thus, combining seven feature groups, w

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Advances In Materials Physics And Chemistry
Study the Effect of Irradiation Time and HF Concentration on Porosity of Porous Silicon and Study Some of the Electrical Properties of Its Based Device
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ABSTRACT Porous silicon has been produced in this work by photochemical etching process (PC). The irradiation has been achieved using ordinary light source (150250 W) power and (875 nm) wavelength. The influence of various irradiation times and HF concentration on porosity of PSi material was investigated by depending on gravimetric measurements. The I-V and C-V characteristics for CdS/PSi structure have been investigated in this work too.

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Communication Methods in Changing the Values of the Urban Family
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This article discusses the change of values in urban family, because of various communication media and modern technologies as one of the most important factors affecting the changing family values in urban areas, this means becoming part of urban life. And focuses on the family in urban areas, for the privacy of the social, economic, demographic and cultural help to this effect, and because cities are the most friction and interaction with modern technologies.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A Calculation real abundance of gaseous elements of the comet PanSTARRS C/2011 S4
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    X-ray emission contains some of the gaseous properties is produced when the particles of the solar wind strike the atmosphere of comet ISON and PanSTARRS Comets. The data collected with NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory of the two comets, C/2012 S1 (also known as Comet ISON) and C/2011 S4 (Comet PanSTARRS) are used in this study.

   The real abundance of the observed X-ray spectrum elements has been extracted by a new simple mathematic model. The study found some physical properties of these elements in the comet’s gas such as a relationship between the abundance with emitted energy. The elements that have emission energy (2500-6800) eV, have abundance (0.1-0.15) %, while the elements

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Contaminants Removal from Real Refinery Wastewater Associated with Energy Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Endodontics
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of a Polyolefin-based Core for Carrier-based Root Canal Obturation
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Introduction: Carrier-based gutta-percha is an effective method of root canal obturation creating a 3-dimensional filling; however, retrieval of the plastic carrier is relatively difficult, particularly with smaller sizes. The purpose of this study was to develop composite carriers consisting of polyethylene (PE), hydroxyapatite (HA), and strontium oxide (SrO) for carrier-based root canal obturation. Methods: Composite fibers of HA, PE, and SrO were fabricated in the shape of a carrier for delivering gutta-percha (GP) using a melt-extrusion process. The fibers were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and the thermal properties determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The elastic modulus and tensile strength tests were dete

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