The research utilizes data produced by the Local Urban Management Directorate in Najaf and the imagery data from the Landsat 9 satellite, after being processed by the GIS tool. The research follows a descriptive and analytical approach; we integrated the Markov chain analysis and the cellular automation approach to predict transformations in city structure as a result of changes in land utilization. The research also aims to identify approaches to detect post-classification transformations in order to determine changes in land utilization. To predict the future land utilization in the city of Kufa, and to evaluate data accuracy, we used the Kappa Indicator to determine the potential applicability of the probability matrix that resulted from

Strategic decision making is considered one of the important processes for senior management in contemporary business organizations and service organizations due to the properties of the service such as intangibility, concomitance and mortality. Decision-making has three approaches according to the opinions of most of the writers and researchers in the administrative area: an analytical approach, intuitive approach and behavioral approach. This research is trying to discover the nature of the relationship in terms of the link between the impact of each of these approaches and efficiency of marketing services by selecting an intentional sample of 58 researches from the Directorate General of Traffic, one of the Iraqi Interior Ministry ins

The study aims to introduce the Islamic sites available on the Internet and determine the criteria that contribute to evaluating these sites to indicate their value, topics, and services, while evaluating a simple random sample of the general Islamic sites, which number (35) sites. The results were presented in (8) tables. The study concluded To a set of conclusions, including: (465) “Islamic” websites were seized during the research period, and they are constantly increasing. They were classified according to the name of the website (domain name) com, org, net, edu, and also according to topics such as general Islamic websites and websites of holy places. Mosques, sites of sheikhs, etc. Among the best general Islamic websites are: Isla

The research objective are analyze financial leverage advantage through analyze and discuss financial leverage cost, and achieve tax advantage. study include two firms ,oil firm and industrial companies firm with limited liability.The inductive method is used for the applied part in analyzing the financial data of the companies considered in 2011-2015.The result of the study shows that the financial leverage achieve present value of the costs is Negative . The study concluded that the most important conclusions of the tax advantage of leverage is higher costs as well as achieving a low tax shield ,This study found out the results that interest payments related to pre-tax all of the loan amount and the percentage of the interest rate on b

In this study, dynamic encryption techniques are explored as an image cipher method to generate S-boxes similar to AES S-boxes with the help of a private key belonging to the user and enable images to be encrypted or decrypted using S-boxes. This study consists of two stages: the dynamic generation of the S-box method and the encryption-decryption method. S-boxes should have a non-linear structure, and for this reason, K/DSA (Knutt Durstenfeld Shuffle Algorithm), which is one of the pseudo-random techniques, is used to generate S-boxes dynamically. The biggest advantage of this approach is the production of the inverted S-box with the S-box. Compared to the methods in the literature, the need to store the S-box is eliminated. Also, the fabr

The Purpose of this study are  analyze financial lease advantage through analyze and discuss financial lease cost, and achieve tax advantage to reach study objective. study include two firms ,oil firm and construction firm with limited liability. The inductive method is used for the applied part in analyzing the financial data of the companies considered in 2011-2015.The result of the study shows that the financial  lease achieve present value of the costs is positive. This study found out the results that verify the hypothesis: The tax advantage of financial Leasing is characterized by decreasing cost and achieving higher tax shield. The study also found the most important recommendations of awareness of the benefits arising f

For a nonempty subset X of a group G and a positive integer m , the product of X , denoted by Xm ,is the set Xm = That is , Xm is the subset of G formed by considering all possible ordered products of m elements form X. In the symmetric group Sn, the class Cn (n odd positive integer) split into two conjugacy classes in An denoted Cn+ and Cn- . C+ and C- were used for these two parts of Cn. This work we prove that for some odd n ,the class C of 5- cycle in Sn has the property that = An n 7 and C+ has the property that each element of C+ is conjugate to its inverse, the square of each element of it is the element of C-, these results were used to prove that C+ C- = An exceptio

A lotic ecosystem is considered a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere where it becomes supersaturated with CO2, which contributes to the global carbon cycle. To enhance our comprehension of the roles of CO2 in rivers, an outdoor experiment was designed with controlled carbon source inputs to investigate the roles of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the phytoplankton community. Plastic enclosures were installed in the Tigris River within Baghdad for that goal. Samples were collected on the first day, as well as on the 5th and the 12th days from 14 enclosures. The enclosures were treated by artificial glucose (C6H12O6) (10, 20, 30mg/ l) as DOC sources, while sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (1

The sole aim of the tribe of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and his basilica was to revoke the Umayyad heresy and to refute the suspicions through which they climbed to the top of the pyramid of power and legitimized the leadership of Muslims (heresy of hereditary rule) with the sword and blood. Therefore, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) began his Ashura process with his short divine message in its words and great in its vocabulary and content and even the future of Mohammedan Islam over the times and spaces - what we will see in the folds of research, God willing.