The interests toward developing accurate automatic face emotion recognition methodologies are growing vastly, and it is still one of an ever growing research field in the region of computer vision, artificial intelligent and automation. However, there is a challenge to build an automated system which equals human ability to recognize facial emotion because of the lack of an effective facial feature descriptor and the difficulty of choosing proper classification method. In this paper, a geometric based feature vector has been proposed. For the classification purpose, three different types of classification methods are tested: statistical, artificial neural network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A modified K-Means clustering algorithm has been developed for clustering purpose. Mainly, the purpose of using modified K-means clustering technique is to group the similar features into (K) templates in order to simulate the differences in the ways that human express each emotion. To evaluate the proposed system, a subset from Cohen-Kanade (CK) dataset have been used, it consists of 870 facial images samples for the seven basic emotions (angry, disgust, fear, happy, normal, sad, and surprise). The conducted test results indicated that SVM classifier can lead to higher performance in comparison with the results of other proposed methods due to its desirable characteristics (such as large-margin separation, good generalization performance, etc.).
Аннотация
Взгляд на пол как на комплексное социальное отношение означает,что роль женщины в истории следует рассматривать не просто как новый для исторической науки предмет исследования, а как обойденный вниманием ученых вопрос об отношениях между людьми или группами людей.
Женщина играет особую и важную роль в обществе , даже скажут ,что она половина нашего общества ,поэтому она яв
... Show MoreBackground: This research identified Streptococci spp. depending on culture, biochemistry, the VITEK technique, ability to produce biofilms, and antibiotic resistance. Aim: The goal of this study was to perform microbiological procedures to evaluate the qualitative qualities of mozzarella cheese against infective Streptococci using microbiological care. Methods: Sixty (60) mozzarella cheese samples were brought from diverse markets in Baghdad from October 2023 to December 2023 at the Zoonoses Research Unit and Veterinary Public Health Department, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Baghdad. Culture of samples on agar (MacConkey and blood) and aerobically incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Gram staining purified colonies to
... Show MoreGas and downhole water sink assisted gravity drainage (GDWS-AGD) is a promising gas-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process applicable for reservoirs associated with infinite aquifers. However, it can be costly to implement because it typically involves the drilling of multiple vertical gas-injection wells. The drilling and well-completion costs can be substantially reduced by using additional completions for gas injection in the oil production wells through the annulus positioned at the top of the reservoir. Multi-completion-GDWS-AGD (MC-GDWS-AGD) can be configured to include separate completions for gas injection, oil, and water production in individual wells. This study simulates
The research includes the synthesis and identification of the mixed ligands complexes of M(II) Ions in general composition [M(Lyn)2(phen)] Where L- lysine (C6H14N2O2) commonly abbreviated (LynH) as a primary ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline(C12H8N2) commonly abbreviated as "phen," as a secondary ligand . The ligands and the metal chlorides were brought in to reaction at room temperature in ethanol as solvent. The reaction required the following molar ratio [(1:1:2) (metal): phen:2 Lyn -] with M(II) ions, were M = Mn(II),Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Cd(II). Our research also includes studying the bio–activity of the some complexes prepared against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli(-),Staphylococcus(-) , Pseudomonas (-), Bacillus (-)
... Show MoreNew Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin- 2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic moment me
... Show MoreBackground: With the increasing demands for adult orthodontics, a growing need arises to bond attachments to porcelain surfaces. Optimal adhesion to porcelain surface should allow orthodontic treatment without bond failure but not jeopardize porcelain integrity after debonding.The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metal bracket bonded to porcelain surface prepared by two mechanical treatments and by using different etching systems (Hydrofluoric acid 9% and acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%). Materials and Methods: The samples were comprised of 60 models (28mm *15mm*28mm) of metal fused to porcelain (feldspathic porcelain). They were divided as the following: group I (control): the porcelain surface left u
... Show MoreNew metal complexes of the ligand 4-[5-(2-hydoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4- oxadiazol -2-ylimino methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (L) with the metal ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were prepared in alcoholic medium. The Schiff base was synthesized through condensate of [4-antipyrincarboxaldehyde] with[2-amino-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl-1,3,4- oxadiazol] in alcoholic medium . Two tetradentate Schiff base ligand were used for complexation upon two metal ions of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ as dineucler formula M2L2.4H2O. The metal complexes were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy, electronic Spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptidbility measurements, and also the ligand was characterized by 1H-NMR spectra, and m
... Show MoreNew ligand of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl carbamothioyl)acetamide was synthesized and its complexes with (VO(II), Mn (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) are formed with confirmation of their structures on the bases of spectroscopic analyses. Antimicrobial activity of new complexes are studied against Gram positive S. aureus and Gram negative E. coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas. The octahedral geometrical structures are proved depending on the outcomes from the preceding procedures
Metal corrosion is a destructive process for many industrial operations, including oil well acidizing and acid pickling. Therefore, numerous efforts made by many researchers to control the steel corrosion. In the present work, A (E)-4-(((4-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl) amino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (MOPM) has been synthesized and characterized as a new corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. FTIR and 1 HNMR were used in the diagnosis of MOPM, while electrochemical polarization technique was employed to test the performance of inhibitor at various temperatures and inhibitor concentrations. Electrochemical studies showed that MOPM acts as a mixed-type inhibitor with a maximum inhibition efficiency of
... Show More