Abstract The Knights of Labor, the first national industrial union in the United States, was founded in Philadelphia on December 9, 1869, by Uriah Stephens (1821-82) and eight other Philadelphia garment cutters. Intended to overcome the limitations of craft unions, the organization was designed to include all those who toiled with their hands. By mid-1886 nearly one million laborers called themselves Knights, making the organization the largest and most influential labor union in nineteenth century America. Stephens aspired to unite all wage-earners into a single organization regardless of skill, race, or sex. The organization excluded liquor dealers, lawyers, bankers, and professional gamblers. Stephens stressed the importance of solidarity within the ranks of labor in order to meet the power of capital. Between December 1869 and April 1875 the Knights made few gains outside of the city. During that time eighty-five local assemblies were established, seventy within the Philadelphia region. After the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 membership expanded and the first national officers were initiated after a convention in Reading, Pa., in 1878. In 1879 Terence V. Powderly (1849-1924), a native of Carbondale, Pa., replaced Stephens as Grand Master Workman after Stephens resigned the position. Powderly, who also served as the socialist mayor of Scranton from 1878-84, led the Knights until 1893. This study includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion, chapter I dealing with The roots of the labor movement in the United States of America until 1866 , This chapter dealt with a number of topics which are as follows: the first topic the labor movement in the colonial era, the second topic the factors crystallization of the labor movement after independence 1783-1840, and the third topic union activity until the end of the American Civil War 1840-1865. As for the second chapter, which was titled: The Emergence of the Workers' Organization and its Role in the Workers' Movement until 1881, it dealt with a number of topics which are as follows: The first topic is the general scene of the labor movement before the formation of the Workers' Organization 1866-1869, and the second topic is the principles and structure of the Workership Organization, the topic The third activity and work position of the Knights of the Economic Crisis 1870-1879, the fourth topic, Terence V. Powderly and his role in the development of the organization 1879-1881. The third chapter came under the title: The Rise and Prosperity of the Workers ’Organization 1881-1886, which dealt with a number of topics, as follows: The first topic: The factors of the rise of the Workers’ Organization, the second topic: the organization’s position on black workers, the third topic the organization’s activity in the southern states, the fourth topic position The organization from the strike of 1885-1886 and its reflection on the increase in membership, Section Five the organization's position on political action. Finally, the fourth chapter came under the title, Factors of Weakness of the Labor Knights Organization and its Decline 1886-1895. A number of topics were discussed as follows: The first topic: Organizational and structural problems within the Labor Knights Organization, the second topic is the repercussions of the failure of strikes on the organization in 1886-1887, the third topic is the position of the Knights on the Haymarket case And its negative repercussions, the fourth topic: internal differences and divisions and its role in the weakness of the organization, the fifth topic: the end of the Terence V. Powderly era and the decline of the organization's role in the labor movement.
Fresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. The consumption of raw vegetables without cooking or good washing can be a major rout of transmission to the parasitic infection. The goal of this study was to determine the intestinal parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables from vegetables sales markets in Baghdad province during the different above months of the year. A total of 303 samples of different vegetables were randomly selected from three wholesale markets distributed through different regions in Baghdad (East, West and South) and then were examined by a floatation method. The present study showed that the collected vegetables were contaminated with 12 species of intestinal parasites, and the total percentage of contam
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This research aims to know the intellectual picture the displaced people formed about aid organizations and determine whether they were positive or negative, the researchers used survey tool as standard to study the society represented by displaced people living in Baghdad camps from Shiites, Sunnis, Shabak, Turkmen, Christians, and Ezidis.
The researcher reached to important results and the most important thing he found is that displaced people living in camps included in this survey hold a positive opinion about organizations working to meet their demands but they complain about the shortfall in the health care side.
The research also found that displaced people from (Shabak, Turkmen, and Ezidi) minorities see that internati
This research investigates the engagement of the Iraqi audience with ethnographic programs and their impact on knowledge enhancement and intellectual perspectives. A questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions was designed and administered to a purposive sample of 400 participants who exclusively follow ethnographic programs and documentary channels. The data were transcribed and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software to ensure reliability and test hypotheses. The findings revealed that Al Jazeera Documentary Channel had the highest viewership percentage among respondents for ethnographic programs, while DW (Deutsche Welle) had the lowest viewership percentage. This suggests that Al Jazee
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Current research aims to find out:
- Effect of using the active learning in the achievement of third grade intermediate students in mathematics.
- Effect of using of active learning in the tendency towards the study of mathematics for students of third grade intermediate.
In order to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher formulated the following two hypotheses null:
- There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between two average of degrees to achievement
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities. The sample of the study consisted of (413) Jordanian male and female unemployed faculty of education graduates in 2017. The researcher administrated the psychological pollution scale on the sample of the study, consisting in the final format of (37) items distributing on (4) domains. Validity and reliability for the scale were obtained. The results of the study indicated that level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities was high (M=3.48, SD=0.83). The results
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Abstract
This research aims to the relationship and the effect of concurrent engineering dimensions analyze (product design, process design, and supply chain design) on the dimensions of strategic performance (efficiency, and effectiveness) The research was conducted in public Zora Electrical Industries Company, on a sample of departments and officials, engineers, managers and people in the company amounted to (45) . A questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection which has been adopted, with the use of statistical methods via computerized system (spss) for processing data , identifying them and testing the research hypotheses. The research
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Applications of microalgae in environmental studies have recently increased. Current uses of immobilized microalga Chlorella vulgaris include reducing pharmaceutical substances such as amoxicillin AMX and potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 on freshwater clam Pseudodontopsis euphraticus as a biotic model. Recent research pointed out a change in biomarkers of oxidative stress in an evaluation of induced toxicity. Where clams were exposed to different concentrations100, 200, and 400 mg/L for 7 days and 20, 30, and 50 mg/L for 5 days of amoxicillin and potassium dichromate, respectively. The results showed that exposure to AMX and K2Cr2O7 led to a signific
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تعد المحاسبة بشكل عام علماً لكنها ليست من العلوم الصرفة وإنما من العلوم الإجتماعية مما يتطلب للتعامل مع المواضيع المحاسبية الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الأشخاص المعنيين بالموضوع سواء كانوا المعدين للمخرجات المحاسبية أي المحاسبين، أو الاطراف ذوي المصالح المعنيين والمستفيدين من هذه المخرجات أي المستخدمين، ويعد المحاسب جزءاً من العملية الاجرائية نفسها وبهذا يكون دوره مزدوجاً يجمع بين كونه القائم بالبحث والقي
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This research aims at highlighting the strategic role of human resource development in developing competitive advantage in light of the great challenges and rapid changes witnessed in recent years in the business world. The human element is the main engine of the organization's resources, especially when it possesses the skill quality and cognitive abilities commensurate with the nature of work. Therefore, this research focuses on the importance of human resources development strategy in contemporary organizations and reviews the summary of literature and theoretical foundations related to human resources development, as well as various philosophical concepts related to the competitive advantage and to indicate the important role
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