Abstract The Knights of Labor, the first national industrial union in the United States, was founded in Philadelphia on December 9, 1869, by Uriah Stephens (1821-82) and eight other Philadelphia garment cutters. Intended to overcome the limitations of craft unions, the organization was designed to include all those who toiled with their hands. By mid-1886 nearly one million laborers called themselves Knights, making the organization the largest and most influential labor union in nineteenth century America. Stephens aspired to unite all wage-earners into a single organization regardless of skill, race, or sex. The organization excluded liquor dealers, lawyers, bankers, and professional gamblers. Stephens stressed the importance of solidarity within the ranks of labor in order to meet the power of capital. Between December 1869 and April 1875 the Knights made few gains outside of the city. During that time eighty-five local assemblies were established, seventy within the Philadelphia region. After the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 membership expanded and the first national officers were initiated after a convention in Reading, Pa., in 1878. In 1879 Terence V. Powderly (1849-1924), a native of Carbondale, Pa., replaced Stephens as Grand Master Workman after Stephens resigned the position. Powderly, who also served as the socialist mayor of Scranton from 1878-84, led the Knights until 1893. This study includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion, chapter I dealing with The roots of the labor movement in the United States of America until 1866 , This chapter dealt with a number of topics which are as follows: the first topic the labor movement in the colonial era, the second topic the factors crystallization of the labor movement after independence 1783-1840, and the third topic union activity until the end of the American Civil War 1840-1865. As for the second chapter, which was titled: The Emergence of the Workers' Organization and its Role in the Workers' Movement until 1881, it dealt with a number of topics which are as follows: The first topic is the general scene of the labor movement before the formation of the Workers' Organization 1866-1869, and the second topic is the principles and structure of the Workership Organization, the topic The third activity and work position of the Knights of the Economic Crisis 1870-1879, the fourth topic, Terence V. Powderly and his role in the development of the organization 1879-1881. The third chapter came under the title: The Rise and Prosperity of the Workers ’Organization 1881-1886, which dealt with a number of topics, as follows: The first topic: The factors of the rise of the Workers’ Organization, the second topic: the organization’s position on black workers, the third topic the organization’s activity in the southern states, the fourth topic position The organization from the strike of 1885-1886 and its reflection on the increase in membership, Section Five the organization's position on political action. Finally, the fourth chapter came under the title, Factors of Weakness of the Labor Knights Organization and its Decline 1886-1895. A number of topics were discussed as follows: The first topic: Organizational and structural problems within the Labor Knights Organization, the second topic is the repercussions of the failure of strikes on the organization in 1886-1887, the third topic is the position of the Knights on the Haymarket case And its negative repercussions, the fourth topic: internal differences and divisions and its role in the weakness of the organization, the fifth topic: the end of the Terence V. Powderly era and the decline of the organization's role in the labor movement.
A new, simple, sensitive and fast developed method was used for the determination of methyldopa in pure and pharmaceutical formulations by using continuous flow injection analysis. This method is based on formation a burgundy color complex between methyldopa andammonium ceric (IV) nitrate in aqueous medium using long distance chasing photometer NAG-ADF-300-2. The linear range for calibration graph was 0.05-8.3 mmol/L for cell A and 0.1-8.5 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 952.8000 ng /200 µL for cell A and 3.3348 µg /200 µL for cell B respectively with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9994 for cell A and 0.9991 for cell B, RSD % was lower than 1 % for n=8. The results were compared with classical method UV-Spectrophotometric at λ max=280 n
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This work presents a completely new develop an analyzer, named NAG-5SX1-1D-SSP, that is simple, accurate, reproducible, and affordable for the determination of cefotaxime sodium (CFS) in both pure and pharmaceutical drugs. The analyzer was designed according to flow injection analysis, and conducted to turbidimetric measurements. Ammonium cerium nitrate was utilized as a precipitating agent. After optimizing the conditions, the analysis system exhibited a linear range of 0.008-27 mmol. L-1 (n=29), with a limit of detection of 439.3 ng/sample, a limit of quantification of 0.4805 mg/sample, and a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. The repeatability of the responses was assessed by performing six successive injections of CFS at concentra
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The research explain the developments in the structure of government Expenditure for the period (1990-2014), this period include tow different periods in terms of the conditions, the first period (1990-2002)characterized by imposing the economic sanctions and deny the Iraqi economy from the oil revenues, while the second period (2003-2014) marked by abundance resource rents as a result of lifting the ban on oil exports, (autoregressive Distributed lag Model) has been used to measure the impact of government Expenditure in both side current and investment in the oil-GDP (gross domestic product) and non oil-GDP, the stady found that there is no significant relationship between current Expenditure in non-oil and oil-GDP in bo
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چکیدهی بحث
به نظر میآید که عالم هستی ، بر مسألهی « حرکت» استوار دارد ، و روح ، همیشه دنبال دگرگونی و تکامل و برتری میگردد. حرکت ، همهی چیزها در عالم إمکان را در بر میگیرد. حرکت در بنیادهای فکر مولانا جای مهمی دارد .اشعار مولانا مقدار زیادی از پویایی و حرکت برخوردارست، و از آنجایی که فعل ، عنصر تکانبخش جمله ، و کانون دلالت است ، ترجیح دادیم - علاوه بر دیگر عنا
... Show MoreThe adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monol
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The investor needs to a clear strategy for the purpose of access to the financial market, that is, has a plan to increase The share of the profits thinking entrepreneur and new, and highlights the importance of this in that it sets for the investor when it goes to the market, and when it comes out of it, and at what price to buy or sell the stock, and what is the the amount of money it starts. Fortunately, he does not need to invent his own investment strategy, because over the years the development of effective methods of buying and selling, and once you understand how to work these methods investor can choose the most appropriate methods and adapted image that fit his style investment .
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