Fibroblast growth factor-23, play an important role in atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. Sevelamer can improve vascular calcification, serum uric acid, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and Fibroblast growth factor-23. Aim of study Assessment the effect of sevelamer as phosphate binder against calcium carbonate on Fibroblast growth factor-23. Methods A prospective open-labelled study that included patients on hemodialysis. A total of 72 patients were screened, only 53 patients completed the 10 week period. Adults patients with serum phosphate as> 5.5 mg/dl were included. There were Group1: Includes 28 patients (19 males and 9 females receiving sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) tablet. Group 2: Include 25patients (17 male and 8 female) receiving calcium carbonate tablet. Level of serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, at pre wash, baseline and every 5 weeks, meanwhile the Level Low-density lipoprotein, Fibroblast growth factor23, and parathyroid hormone were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks. Results Serum phosphorus was significantly reduced after 10 weeks with both sevelamer carbonate-22.4% and calcium carbonate-23.5%. Serum parathyroid was significantly reduced in both groups. Only group 1 was associated with significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 26.4% from base line, significant reduction in Fibroblast growth factor-23 level by-31.2% and significant decrease in Calcium× phosphate product-29.5%. Significant rise in the serum calcium in group 2 patients (14.34%). Conclusion Sevelamer superior to calcium-based binders in reducing hypercalcemia and …
(8)
As a reservoir is depleted due to production, pore pressure decreases leading to increased effective stress which causes a reduction in permeability, porosity, and possible pore collapse or compaction. Permeability is a key factor in tight reservoir development; therefore, understanding the loss of permeability in these reservoirs due to depletion is vital for effective reservoir management. The paper presents a case history on a tight carbonate reservoir in Iraq which demonstrates the behavior of rock permeability and porosity as a function of increasing effective stress simulating a depleting mode over given production time. The experimental results show unique models for the decline of permeability and porosity as function effective str
... Show MoreThe Rate theory of crack growth in PVC pipe has been studied for creep and fatigue crack propagation. Rate theory function parameters, (RTFP), were estimated theoretically from exponential function parameters, (EFP), to experimental data of crack velocity versus stress intensity factor ,(V-K) diagram, to creep crack propagation . Also (RTFP) were estimated theoretically from (EFP) to experimental data of (V-?K) diagram to fatigue crack propagation. Temperature effect with (RTFP) was discussed. Crack velocity function denoted with stress intensity factor and temperature degrees has been determined to fatigue and creep crack propagation theoretically and comparative results this function with experimental data of (V-K or ?K) diagram .
(1)
(2)
(8)
(3)
The serum protein test includes measurement of the level of total protein(albumin, globulin). Fetuin-A is a blood protein made in liver. It can inhibit insulin receptor, enhance insulin sensitivity and make the individuals more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, then disorder in lipid profile (Total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Triglyceride(TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) . To evaluate Fetuin-A, total protein, albumin, globulin, HbAlc and lipid profile in 200 adult and elderly Iraqi patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were taken and compare them with 200 subjects as a healthy control. The laboratory analysis(for patients and
... Show More
(1)
(3)
Rock mechanical properties are critical parameters for many development techniques related to tight reservoirs, such as hydraulic fracturing design and detecting failure criteria in wellbore instability assessment. When direct measurements of mechanical properties are not available, it is helpful to find sufficient correlations to estimate these parameters. This study summarized experimentally derived correlations for estimating the shear velocity, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and compressive strength. Also, a useful correlation is introduced to convert dynamic elastic properties from log data to static elastic properties. Most of the derived equations in this paper show good fitting to measured data, while some equations show scatters
... Show More