The research is summarized in the construction of a mathematical model using the most common methods in the science of Operations Research, which are the models of transportation and linear programming to find the best solution to the problem of the high cost of hajj in Iraq, and this is done by reaching the optimum number of pilgrims traveling through both land ports and the number Ideal for passengers traveling through airports by Iraqi Airways, instead of relying on the personal experience of the decision-maker in Hajj and Umrah Authority by identifying the best port for pilgrim's travel, which can tolerate right or wrong, has been based on scientific methods of Operations Research, the researcher built two mathematical models

Generalized Additive Model has been considered as a multivariate smoother that appeared recently in Nonparametric Regression Analysis. Thus, this research is devoted to study the mixed situation, i.e. for the phenomena that changes its behaviour from linear (with known functional form) represented in parametric part, to nonlinear (with unknown functional form: here, smoothing spline) represented in nonparametric part of the model. Furthermore, we propose robust semiparametric GAM estimator, which compared with two other existed techniques.

In this research, we will discuss how to improve the work by dealing with the factors that
participates in enhancing small IT organization to produce the software using the suitable
development process supported by experimental theories to achieve the goals. Starting from
the selecting of the methodology to implement the software. The steps used are and should be
compatible with the type of the products the organization will produce and here it is the Web-Based Project Development.
The researcher suggest Extreme Programming (XP) as a methodology for the Web-Based
Project Development and justifying this suggestion and that will guide to know how the
methodology is very important and effective in the software dev

Receipt date:9/1/2020 accepted date:11/24/2020 Publication date:12/31/2021

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

the Nile River and the Renaissance Dam is one of the most prominent factors that had an important role in the nature of relations between Egypt - Ethiopia, as  they contributed to building a relationship that has common characteristics through the nature of the i

An adaptive fuzzy weighted linear regression model in which the output is based
on the position and entropy of quadruple fuzzy numbers had dealt with. The solution
of the adaptive models is established in terms of the iterative fuzzy least squares by
introducing a new suitable metric which takes into account the types of the influence
of different imprecisions. Furthermore, the applicability of the model is made by
attempting to estimate the fuzzy infant mortality rate in Iraq using a selective set of
inputs.

This paper discussed the solution of an equivalent circuit of solar cell, where a single diode model is presented. The nonlinear equation of this model has suggested and analyzed an iterative algorithm, which work well for this equation with a suitable initial value for the iterative. The convergence of the proposed method is discussed. It is established that the algorithm has convergence of order six. The proposed algorithm is achieved with a various values of load resistance. Equation by means of equivalent circuit of a solar cell so all the determinations is achieved using Matlab in ambient temperature. The obtained results of this new method are given and the absolute errors is demonstrated.

Finding communities of connected individuals in complex networks is challenging, yet crucial for understanding different real-world societies and their interactions. Recently attention has turned to discover the dynamics of such communities. However, detecting accurate community structures that evolve over time adds additional challenges. Almost all the state-of-the-art algorithms are designed based on seemingly the same principle while treating the problem as a coupled optimization model to simultaneously identify community structures and their evolution over time. Unlike all these studies, the current work aims to individually consider this three measures, i.e. intra-community score, inter-community score, and evolution of community over

       Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Messenger of God, and upon his family, companions, and those who are guided by his guidance.

Then:

       Our Islamic jurisprudence and its basic principles are fixed, namely: the Noble Qur’an, then the Prophet’s Sunnah, then consensus, then analogy. However, it is characteristic of what makes it developed to meet the requirements of renewed life, including: sent interests, custom, approval, blocking pretexts, changing times. That is why it went through different stages, growth, brilliance, stagnation and endowment; Therefore, many scholars of Islamic jurisprudence divided its stages into four sections: the stage of inf