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Embracing digital technological advancements in media and communication has led government entities to adopt communication practices fully aligned with the digital and networked system in government communication. Traditional media practices within the government environment increasingly rely on the ability to utilize digital tools and systems for content creation, communication, evaluation, and the management of the entire communication process within an electronic and intelligent framework for government services. Naturally, this transformation has caught the attention of communication and public relations researchers worldwide, as the digital and networked aspects of government communication now form an intelle

     The control function of important functions in the system of government for several reasons , perhaps the most important of the magnitude of spending and spending in one of the tools adopted in the implementation of the control function.                               

        Perhaps the most prominent stages of the development budget in terms of setup and use in the budget programs and performance , as specialized literature  show its importance in strengthening financial and operationl

Abstract

This research  aims to reform the Iraqi public budget through going into the challenges the budget faces in applying item-line budget in its preparation, implementation and control; which encourage extravagance and waste instead of rationalizing expenditures. This  is shown in the data analysis of Federal public budget laws in Iraq for the years from 2005 till 2013; there was a continuous increase in the aggregate public expenditures in the public budget for the years previously mentioned, as the public expenditures growth has reached into the percent 284.71% in 2013. In addition the public budget for these years (2005-2013) is being prepared with planned deficit without confirming that

The main idea of the financial censorship is to submit the states funds to a censorship because they are the funds of the people and because this censorship is a right and role ensured by the constitution for specific devices in the state, thus the role of the financial censor should be launched to achieve this goal in all walks of the state. • The power of this censorship depends basically on the independence of the censorious bodies over a job which is submitted to this censorship and the censor should have a reverence , this censorship is practiced as a precautionary procedure before preparing the budget to avoid mistakes after and during the execution for maintaining the states funds. • The importance of the censorship comes from

The purpose of this research that, the performance budget  is the best style of budget styles that can help and contribute in forming preparing federal typical budget in Iraq , By taking advantage of the application of the principles of scientific rules that would ensure optimal allocation and investment of the financial resources of the state and achieve the best performance and the lowest possible cost, both with regard to the administrative and accounting side, reducing the waste of public money, so that can enhance the success , power , and safety of financial activity of managerial system that it focuses on the magnetite and quality of the work done and the objectives wanted to meet. so application of performance budget require

With 549,393 new cases recorded in 2018, bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Urinary bladder cancer is the cause of about 3 percent of all new cancer diagnoses and 2.1 percent of all cancer deaths. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1(NDRG1) as a biomarker for bladder cancer patients in the Iraqi population. One hundred individuals in the case-control study were enrolled and divided into two groups. The first group included 50 patients diagnosed with a bladder mass and investigated by undergoing cystoscopy examination for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB). The second group included 50 healthy individuals who had normal bladder tissue. The resul

Abstract

This study aims at clarifying the current performance appraisal system in government units and the extent to which they contribute to the development of the performance of these units by evaluating and measuring the performance of these units on an ongoing basis to subject their services to an assessment and measurement process in order to improve the efficiency of these units to reach their objectives efficiently and effectively. (Iraqi hospitals) by trying to determine the possibility of the government accounting system in the process of evaluating performance, through the comparison of financial performance for successive years and different hospitals using the financial and non-financial model of the evaluati

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, and upon his family and companions

And whoever follows his guidance until the Day of Judgment. As for what follows: Islamic law commands Muslims to unite, reject disagreement, and not dispute, and to spread the spirit of tolerance and love among them. God Almighty said: “And hold fast to the rope of God all of you and do not become divided, and remember the favor of God upon you when you are enemies and He has joined your hearts.” So, by His grace, you became brothers (1), and He said: (And You will be like those who became divided and disagreed after the clear proofs had come to them. It is they - for them is a great punishment.) (2