In this work, the extraction of glycyrrhizin from Licorice using bulk liquid membrane technique was developed and optimized. The effect of various parameters such as pH of stripping and donor solutions, temperature, stirring speed and kinetic parameters were investigated. Moreover, to study the impact of the polarity of membrane solvent, two types of extraction solvents were used as a membrane solvent: n-Hexane was used as a non-polar solvent and 1-Hexanol was as a polar solvent. The optimum extraction condition was found (95.53%) using 1-Hexanol, rotating speed was 400 rpm, and pH of the acceptor and donor solutions were 8 and 5.5, respectively. The reaction kinetics constants ( and ) for the transport of glycyrrhizin from the donor pha

Extraction of copper (Cu) from aqueous solution utilizing Liquid Membrane technology (LM) is more effective than precipitation method that forms sludge and must be disposed of in landfills. In this work, we have formulated a liquid surfactant membrane (LSM) that uses kerosene oil as the main diluent of LSM to remove copper ions from the aqueous waste solution through di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid - D2EHPA- as a carrier. This technique displays several advantages including one-stage extraction and stripping process, simple operation, low energy requirement, and. In this study, the LSM process was used to transport Cu (II) ions from the feed phase to the stripping phase, which was prepared, using H₂SO₄. For LSM p

In this work, we calculate and analyze the photon emission from quark and anti-quark interaction during annihilation process using simple model depending on phenomenology of quantum chromodynamic theory (QCD). The parameters, which include the running strength coupling, temperature of the system and the critical temperature, carry information regarding photon emission and have a significant impact on the photons yield. The emission of photon from strange interaction with anti-strange is large sensitive to decreases or increases there running strength coupling. The photons emission increases with decreases running strength coupling and vice versa. We introduce the influence of critical temperature on the  photon emission  rate in o

Fabrication of porous clay refractory insulating specimens from Iraqi kaolin with different percentage of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) waste crumbs additions were investigated. After mixing and forming by hand molding, the specimens was dried and fired at 1300 oC. The structural, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the refractory insulating products were measured. Maximum addition of EPS (1.25 wt%) lead to reduce the linear shrinkage to less than 1.7% and increased apparent porosity up to 50 %. As well as, the density, Modulus of rupture and thermal conductivity were reduced to 1.39 g/cm3, 4.1 MPa and 0.21 W/m.K, respectively. The final outcome, addition of EPS showed good results in the formation of pores without distorting the

ABSTRACT: Protein isolate was achieved from local peeled non soaked pumpkins seeds by using petroleum ether with protein percentage of 53.15%. Protein isolate was used in manufacturing meat burger with two substitution10 and 20%. The shrinkage percentage for burger diameter was decreased from 25.5 to 16.6%, the sample with 10% substitution was distinguished in water holding capacity (WHC) which was 54.52%. Sensitive evaluation for these samples showed that the burger with 10% substitution was similar to the control.

Bacteria could produce bacterial nanocellulose through a procedure steps: polymerization and crystallization, that occur in the cytoplasm of the bacteria, the residues of glucose polymerize to (β-1,4) lineal glucan chains that produced from bacterial cell extracellularly, these lineal glucan are converted to microfbrils, after that these microfbrils collected together to shape very pure three dimensional pored net. It could be obtained a pure cellulose that created by some M.O, from the one of the active producer organism like Acetic acid bacteria (AAB), that it is a gram -ve, motile and live in aerobic condition. The bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) have great consideration in many fields because of its flexible properties, features

In this paper, we have extracted Silica from rice husk ash (RHA) by sodium hydroxide to produce sodium silicate. 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTES) functionalized with sodium silicate via a sol-gel method in one pot synthesis to prepare RHACCl. Chloro group in compound RHACCl replacement in iodo group to prepere RHACI. The FT-IR clearly showed absorption band of C-I at 580 cm^-1. Functionalized silica RHACI has high surface area (410 m²/g) and average pore diameter (3.8 nm) within mesoporous range. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that functionalized silica RHACI has amorphous phase .Thermogravemitric analysis (TGA) showed two decomposition stages and SEM morphology of RHACI showed that the particles have irregu

The problem of water scarcity is becoming common in many parts of the world, to overcome part of this problem proper management of water and an efficient irrigation system are needed.  Irrigation with a buried vertical ceramic pipe is known as a very effective in the management of irrigation water.  The two- dimensional transient flow of water from a buried vertical ceramic pipe through homogenous porous media is simulated numerically using the HYDRUS/2D software.  Different values of pipe lengths and hydraulic conductivity were selected.  In addition, different values of initial volumetric soil water content were assumed in this simulation as initial conditions.  Different value

This paper examines the change in planning pattern In Lebanon, which relies on vehicles as a semi-single mode of transport, and directing it towards re-shaping the city and introducing concepts of "smooth or flexible" mobility in its schemes; the concept of a "compact city" with an infrastructure based on a flexible mobility culture. Taking into consideration environmental, economical and health risks of the existing model, the paper focuses on the four foundations of the concepts of "city based on culture flexible mobility, "and provides a SWOT analysis to encourage for a shift in the planning methodology.

In this work, the nano particles of Na-A zeolite were synthesized by sol –gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray  luorescence (XRF), Surface  area and pore volume, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the nano A zeolite is with average crystal size is 74.77 nm., Si/Al ratio 1.03, BET surface area was 581.211m2/g and the pore volume for NaA was found equal to 0.355cm3/g.