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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Sat Jan 23 2021
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Tue Mar 09 2021
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Sun Feb 25 2024
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Baghdad Science Journal
Exploring Important Factors in Predicting Heart Disease Based on Ensemble- Extra Feature Selection Approach
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 19 2019
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Scientific Reports
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2017
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Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effects of Two Different Colorant Solutions on the Color Stability of Bleached Enamel in Association with CPP-ACPF: An In Vitro Study
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USING SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL&EFFICIENT PRODUCTION PLANS IN GREENHOUSES IN ASSOCIATION OF AL-WATAN UNDER CONDITION OF RISK &UNCERTAINTY
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Publication Date
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Effectiveness of Women's Self-care Instructions concerning Wound, Perineal & Urinary System Care post cesarean section in Baghdad teaching hospital
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Aim: to determine the effectiveness of women's self-care instructions on their post cesarean section care in Baghdad
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
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An Experimental Assessment of Iraqi Local Cement and Cement Slurry Design for Iraqi Oil Wells Using Cemcade
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Tue Mar 30 2021
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An Experimental Assessment of Iraqi Local Cement and Cement Slurry Design for Iraqi Oil Wells Using Cemcade
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This effort is related to describe and assess the performance of the Iraqi cement sample planned for oil well-cementing jobs in Iraq. In this paper, major cementing properties which are thickening time, compressive strength, and free water in addition to the rheological properties and filtration of cement slurry underneath definite circumstances are experimentally tested. The consequences point to that the Iraqi cement after special additives encounter the requests of the API standards and can consequently is used in cementing jobs for oil wells. At this research, there is a comparative investigation established on experimental work on the effectiveness of some additives that considered as waste materials which are silica fume, bauxite,

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