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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
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Tue Aug 15 2023
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Al-academy
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Sat Dec 31 2016
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Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Comparison between Open Mini-incision Thyroidectomy and Conventional Thyroidectomy: Clinical Experience and Literatures Review
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The term that is verbally agreed and different is meaningful Between grammar and fundamentalists
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 17 2021
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Political Sciences Journal
Pending issues between the federal government and the Kurdistan region (Constitutional and legal solutions)
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analytical Study Compared Between Poisson and Poisson Hierarchical Model and Applied in Healthy Field
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Sat Aug 01 2020
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2017
Journal Name
Archive Of Mechanical Engineering
Using the Lid-Driven Cavity Flow to Validate Moment-Based Boundary Conditions for the Lattice Boltzmann Equation
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Abstract<p>The accuracy of the Moment Method for imposing no-slip boundary conditions in the lattice Boltzmann algorithm is investigated numerically using lid-driven cavity flow. Boundary conditions are imposed directly upon the hydrodynamic moments of the lattice Boltzmann equations, rather than the distribution functions, to ensure the constraints are satisfied precisely at grid points. Both single and multiple relaxation time models are applied. The results are in excellent agreement with data obtained from state-of-the-art numerical methods and are shown to converge with second order accuracy in grid spacing.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 16 2020
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Attitude and Knowledge of Orthodontics among General Dentists and Non-Orthodontic Specialists: A Questionnaire Based Survey
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Neuromuscular Coordination and Its Relationship with the Skills of Setting and Spiking among Football Tennis Players
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