Reducing the drag force has become one of the most important concerns in the automotive industry. This study concentrated on reducing drag through use of some external modifications of passive flow control, such as vortex generators, rear under body diffuser slices and a rear wing spoiler. The study was performed at inlet velocity (V=10,20,30,40 m/s) which correspond to an incompressible car model length Reynolds numbers (Re=2.62×105, 5.23×105, 7.85×105 and 10.46×105), respectively and we studied their effect on the drag force. We also present a theoretical study finite volume method (FVM) of solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-tokes equations (RANS) using a realizable k–epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model, conducted on a car, model KIA Pride, which is popular in Iraq and Iran. All computational analysis and modifications were carried out using the ANSYS Fluent 19 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and SOLIDWORKS 2018 modeller. The drag coefficient of the analysed car was found to be 0.34 and the results show that the drag can be reduced up to1.73% using vortex generators, up to 3.05% using a rear wing spoiler and up to 2.47% using rear under-body diffuser slices modifications, whereas it may be reduced up to 3.8% using all previous modifications together.
This abstract focuses on the significance of wireless body area networks (WBANs) as a cutting-edge and self-governing technology, which has garnered substantial attention from researchers. The central challenge faced by WBANs revolves around upholding quality of service (QoS) within rapidly evolving sectors like healthcare. The intricate task of managing diverse traffic types with limited resources further compounds this challenge. Particularly in medical WBANs, the prioritization of vital data is crucial to ensure prompt delivery of critical information. Given the stringent requirements of these systems, any data loss or delays are untenable, necessitating the implementation of intelligent algorithms. These algorithms play a pivota
... Show MoreThe paper presents research results of the vibration transmitted from the steering wheel of the tractor with a 2-wheel drive to the driver’s hands. The vibration measurements were carried out on the tractor randomly chosen from the collage of agriculture / university of Baghdad. Before testing the tractor was examined and adjusted following the producer’s recommendations. The vibration levels were measured during the operation tillage at idling and at full load .The field was 31.7 m above level sea. Soil was treated at soil constant moisture (17-20 %) with depth of plowing (17 cm). During operation the weather temperature was measured (15 C) and humidity was ( 27 % ) The vibration level on the steering wheel was measured and analyzed .T
... Show MoreIn addition to its basic communicative function, language can be used to imply information that is not actually stated, i.e. addressers do not always state exactly (or directly) what they mean. Such instances fall within the domain of pragmatics in that they have to do with how addressers use language to communicate in a particular situation by implication rather than by direct statement. The researcher attempts to demonstrate that the beauty and the multiple layers of meaning in poetry can be better explored if the addressee looks at the lines from a pragmatic perspective in search for implied meaning. There are many devices that can convey implied meaning in poetry, among which are 'rhetorical', 'figurative' or 'literary' devices. But
... Show MoreEmotional blackmail is generally defined as manipulating others' emotions for personal gain. It is a type of manipulation that damages healthy relationships among people and turns them into toxic relations leaving the victim in a state of depression and under stress of losing something s/he holds dear. This study aims to identify the pragmatic techniques of emotional blackmail used by both blackmailers and victims in "No One Would Tell" (2018). To do so, the researchers developed an eclectic model comprising Forward and Frazier's (1997) emotional blackmail, Searle’s speech acts (1979), Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies (1987), Culpeper’s impoliteness strategies (1996, 2005), and Mayfield's taxonomy of fallacy (2007)
... Show MoreBackground: Odontogenic cysts include a group of osseodestructive lesions that frequently affect the jaws. Those cysts could derive from odontogenic epithelium and occur in the tooth-bearing regions of the jaws. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor, Dentigerous cyst and Radicular cyst in epithelium and connective tissue capsule. Materials and Methods: In this study, thirty formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of Odontogenic cysts and Tumor, consist of 14 Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor, 8 dentigerous cysts and 8 radicular cysts were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of Cyclin D1 proteins. Results: Strong to moderate expression of Cy
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to model and forecast the white oil during the period (2012-2019) using volatility GARCH-class. After showing that squared returns of white oil have a significant long memory in the volatility, the return series based on fractional GARCH models are estimated and forecasted for the mean and volatility by quasi maximum likelihood QML as a traditional method. While the competition includes machine learning approaches using Support Vector Regression (SVR). Results showed that the best appropriate model among many other models to forecast the volatility, depending on the lowest value of Akaike information criterion and Schwartz information criterion, also the parameters must be significant. In addition, the residuals
... Show MorePurpose To test the effect of strategic Supremacy on strategic success A case study in Thi Qar Governorate, methodology/approach – this is a mandatory entry.
a case study was used and applied to the Department managers of Government of the province of Thi Qar, Research limitations/implications – It is clear that the strategic Supremacy variable is not being used effectively to achieve strategic success.
Practical implications – use strategic supremacy positively to Support for strategic success. implementing and monitoring ignorance of them in how to use thi
... Show MoreThe deliberative system of communicative studies is exposed to cultural openness, according to modern cultural studies, to establish a verbal language system that achieves reciprocal and cross-cultural relations. This research has examined the concept of deliberative approach in the contemporary Iraqi theater text by studying the deliberative system of text and its interrelationship with The stage of the verbal embodiment of the dramatic event, because the dramatic text achieves in its construction of racism, a deliberative approach between the verbal event and the language, and what later leads to the completion of the dramatic action. The research included four chapters. The first chapter was the systematic framework of the research, T
... Show MoreMechanical degradation hampers the practical usage of polymers for turbulent drag reduction
application. Mechanical degradation refers to the chemical process in which the activation energy of
polymer chain scission is exceeded by mechanical action on the polymer chain, and bond rupture
occurs. When a water-soluble polymer and surfactant are mixed in water solution, the specific structures
(aggregates) are formed, in which polymer film is formed around micelle. In this work, Xanthan gum (XG) –
Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SELS) complex formation and its effect on percentage viscosity reduction
(%VR) was studied. It was found that SELS surfactant reduced the mechanical degradation of XG much
more efficiently than th