Background: In spite of all efforts, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal solid tumor with a poor prognosis as of its high metastasis and resistance to present treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as erlotinib are efficient in treating NSCLC but the emergence of chemoresistance and adverse effects substantially limits their single use. Objective: in this study, the combination treatments of either 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or cinnamic acid (CINN) with erlotinib (ERL) were tested for their possible synergistic effect on the proliferation and migration capacity of NSCLC cells. Methods: In this study, NSCLC model cell line A549 was used to investigate the effects of single compounds and their combination on cell growth inhibition, clonogenic potential, and migration capacity. Next, the Combination index (CI) and the Dose-Reduction Index (DRI) were determined to determine the nature of the drug’s combination and to measure how many folds the dose could be lowered for each drug in a synergistic combination. Results: the combination treatment demonstrated more significant inhibition of viability of A549 cells compared to individual therapy. Our data show that CINN augments the sensitivity to erlotinib in all doses tested. The combination of 2DG or CINN with erlotinib also reduced the clonogenicity of NSCLC cells up to 67% and 85%, respectively, as compared to the erlotinib single treatment. Furthermore, CINN +ERL decreased the migratory ability of A549 cells by 3-fold and further induced much more apoptotic cell death phenotypes. Conclusion: in summary, co-administration of 2DG or cinnamic acid with erlotinib increases the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on NSCLC cell tumorigenicity and migration.
This study examines how Sahar Mustafah's book The Beauty of Your Face (2020) examines the intersectional aspects of Arab American identity. The novel traces the life of the Palestinian Arab American woman, Afaf Rahman who is a school principal. She negotiates the intricacies of gendered, religious, and cultural identities in America after 9/11. The analysis uses an intersectional lens to look at how Afaf's experiences as a woman, a Muslim, and an immigrant combine to influence how she sees herself and how she interacts with society at large. The book explores racial prejudice, misogyny, and Islamophobia, bringing to light the many difficulties Arab American women experience. Additionally, it shows the protagonist's autonomy and tenacity as
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the academic problems of family counseling diploma students at Saudi Universities. In addition, to identify the differences in these problems according to gender, marital status, place of study, academic specialization, and GPA. The sample consisted of (491) students. The researcher has used one questionnaire for academic problems prepared by the researcher. The research revealed the following results: There were academic problems among family counseling diploma students at Saudi Universities, the most problems were related to the systems and administrations of the university, then the field training, the buildings, classrooms and campus facilities, then the academic courses, after that the exams, then
... Show MoreNefopam (N.F.) HCl is a non-narcotic centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine analgesic to relieve acute and chronic pain. It exhibits low bioavailability (about 36%) due to its first-pass degradation in the liver.
Intranasal administration has been used as a new route for targeting active brain sites and enhancing the bioavailability of N.F. HCl bypassing hepatic metabolism.
In situ gel of N.F. HCl was prepared by the cold method using different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, HPMC K4M, Carbapol 934, and Hyaluronic acid polymers.
The results show that identification tests are superimposed with references, solubility study shows that N.F. HCl is suitable to be administered intranasally; Compatibi
... Show MoreThe paper presents research results of the vibration transmitted from the steering wheel of the
tractor with a 2-wheel drive to the driver’s hands. The vibration measurements were carried out on the
tractor randomly chosen from the collage of agriculture / university of Baghdad. Before testing the
tractor was examined and adjusted following the producer’s recommendations. The vibration levels
were measured during the operation tillage at idling and at full load .The field was 3١٫٧ m above level
sea. Soil was treated at soil constant moisture (1٧-20 %) with depth of plowing (١٧ cm). During
operation the weather temperature was measured (15 C) and humidity was ( 27 % ) The vibration level
on the steering whee
Experimental work was carried out to investigate the effect of fire flame (high temperature) on specimens of one way slabs using Self Compacted Concrete (SCC). By using furnace manufactured for this purpose, twenty one reinforced concrete slab specimens were exposed to direct fire flame. All of specimens have the same dimensions. The slab specimens were cooled in two types, gradually by left them in the air and suddenly by using water. After that the specimens were tested under two point loads, to study, the effect of
different: temperature levels (300ºC, 500ºC and 700ºC), and cooling rate (gradually and sudden cooling conditions) on the concrete compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural strength and the behavior of reinf
Background: One way to target polypharmacy and inappropriate medication in hemodialysis (HD) patients is with medication deprescribing. Objective: To assess the impact of implementing a pharmacist-led deprescribing program on medication adherence among HD patients. Method: A prospective interventional, one-group pretest-posttest-only design study was conducted at a hemodialysis center in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Medication reconciliation followed by medication review based on the deprescribing program was done for all eligible patients, and the patients were monitored for three months for any possible complications. Results: Two hundred and seventy patients were screened for eligibility. Only one hundred and eighteen were enrolled i
... Show MorePurpose To test the effect of strategic Supremacy on strategic success A case study in Thi Qar Governorate, methodology/approach – this is a mandatory entry.
a case study was used and applied to the Department managers of Government of the province of Thi Qar, Research limitations/implications – It is clear that the strategic Supremacy variable is not being used effectively to achieve strategic success.
Practical implications – use strategic supremacy positively to Support for strategic success. implementing and monitoring ignorance of them in how to use thi
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of environmental pH on production of biofilms and virulence genes expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Among 303 clinical and environmental samples 109 (61 + 48) isolates were identified as clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Clinical samples were obtained from patients in the Al-Yarmouk hospital in Baghdad city, Iraq. Waste water from Al-Yarmouk hospital was used from site before treatment unit to collect environmental samples. The ability of prod
The chlorine concentration variation in Baghdad water networks was studied. The
chlorine data were collected from Mayoralty of Baghdad and Ministry of Environment
(MOE) for the networks for both sides of the city Karkh and Rasafa for (2008-2009). The
study of these data indicates that there are no systematic testing program .Classified GIS
maps showed that the areas far from the treatment plants have almost always low
chlorine concentration .This indicates that the problem of the low chlorine concentration
in the far areas is due to cracks of pipe along the conveyance path ,as expected. The area's
most frequently have low concentration are Al-sadir,Al-Kadhimya, and Al-Amiria . It
was found also that the chlorine c