Recently, environmental noise has arisen from various sources, such as those from exhaust mufflers of combustion engines found in cars, trucks, or power generators, which produce significant noise during their operation. Controlling the radiated noise from these mufflers is a major factor in improving acoustic comfort and minimizing the impact on the surrounding communities. Numerous research has been presented for this reason by modification of the internal structure of the exhaust muffler. The main objective of this work is to reduce the noise level emitted from exhaust mufflers. This can be achieved by adjusting structure parameters to attenuate the surrounding environment's radiated noise. Analysis of pressure-wave propagation has been done by building 3D models using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Different entities were conducted to investigate the influence of muffler shells and plate thicknesses on acoustic performance through the frequency domain to obtain better attenuation. SPL over a frequency band is presented, describing how the sound intensity varies at different frequencies within a given bandwidth. The results showed that increasing the muffler shell thickness improved the TL; this particularly causes a double value at a range above 1.2 kHz, where there are two distinct peaks at 1.3 kHz and 2.8 kHz. Additionally, it was found that increasing the muffler plate thickness reduces the TL whole range and moves the curve peak to higher frequencies. This is because the pressure pulses that stimulate the shell plates would exert a more distinct influence on plates characterized by a reduced thickness, and the muffler structure thickness is correlated with its increased stiffness, resulting in an elevation of the frequency for this eigenmode
The research aims to find out the impact of cognitive strategies in the mathematical competence of the students of the fourth scientific in the preparatory mahmoudiyah in the Directorate General of The Education of Karkh 2. A post-test of the mathematical competence prepared by (Jassim, 2018) was applied to the sample of (65) students, distributed into two groups of (33) students as experimental group and (32) students as a control group. The results found there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in testing the mathematical competence of students for the experimental group.
Abstract: In this research we study the of added NaCl with concentration (0.2, 0.02)M on the spectral of cationically charged dye (cresyl violet) and anionically charged surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate) with different concentration, the result show two peaks appearance the first attributed to micelle and the other formation of dye surfactant complex, in addition to the increase in the quantum efficiency of emission spectrum and shifted toward long wavelength (λmax=692.5nm-626nm).
Hall effect measurements have been made on a-As2Te3 thin films different thickness film in the range (200-350) nm. The Hall mobility in a-As2Te3 thin films decreases with increasing annealing temperature but the carrier concentration increases. When increasing the film thickness increases the Hall mobility decreases, while the carrier concentration increases.
Background: Nicotine is the foremost chemical constituent responsible for addiction in tobacco products, in the non-ionized condition can be easily absorbed via epithelial tissue of the lung, the mouth, the nose and across the skin
Objective:The study examines the harmful effect of the nicotine which is an important component of cigarette in vitro.
Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: Examines the harmful effect of the nicotine which is an important component of cigarette in vitro by using two types of lung cancer cell lines (H460 TP53+/+, H441 TP53-/-).
Three types of zeolite A were prepared from Iraqi kaoline which are 3A, 4A and 5A by ion exchange method .They were characterized by XRD and atomic absorption techniques .They were used as adsorbents to examine their applicability for H2S adsorption .The adsorption process was performed in a static form and constant volume system which constructed from stainless steel .The effect of zeolite type and temperature on the adsorption properties of H2S at -5 , 25 and 55 oC was studied .The zeolite type 5A has the highest adsorption value (79.384 µmol/g ) and the three types may be arranged in a sequence toward H2S adsorption as 5 A> 4A>3A .The amount of H2S adsorbed increased as temperature decreased from 55 to -5 for all samples. Langmuir , Fre
... Show MoreEuropean Chemical Bulletin (ISSN 2063-5346) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers, short communications, and review articles in all areas of chemistry. European Chemical Bulletin has eight sections, namely
This study synthesized nanocomposite photocatalyst materials from a mixture of Cu2O nanoparticles, ZnO nanoparticles, and graphene oxide (GO) through coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. This study aims to determine the optimum composition of Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites in degrading methylene blue. The nanocomposite was synthesized in two steps: 1 the synthesis of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles through the coprecipitation method and the preparation of GO through the modified Hummer method. 2 The preparation of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles mixtures with GO through the hydrothermal method to form Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites. The adsorption-photocatalysis process of methylene blue
... Show MoreBackground and purpose: Animal model helps researchers to evaluate new treatment plan for human and understand pathological mechanism involved in a development of disease. The use of rats as an animal model for Alzheimer's research has become a favorite among researchers. Rats are capable in mimicking Alzheimer disease due to their intelligence and quick adaptation to nature. At present there are several methods that can be used to induce Alzheimer's animals, but each method has advantages and disadvantages. We need to learn other methods that can provide many advantages and few disadvantages. The Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ-42) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are thought to play an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Th
... Show MoreThe present study was designed to shed light on the molecular effects caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It was also aimed to investigate ASXL1 point mutations in newly AML patients as compared to healthy control. The study comprised of 43 AML Iraqi patients and their ages ranged between 16-75 years. It included 23 females and 20 males compared with 20 healthy controls. Results revealed that the extracted DNA from 30 AML patients and amplified by PCR to obtain ASXL1 gene from exon 12 showed larger bands (479). Among forty three patients, two of them displayed point mutations of deletion and substitution, while the others were normal since no mutations were detected. The total of mutations in two mutated patients was 27 mutations, the m
... Show More