The goal of this research is to use optical emission spectroscopy to investigate the parameters of exploding silver wire plasma. The silver discharge plasma's emission spectra were recorded and studied. For silver wire of diameter 0.4 mm and different currents 75,100, and 125A in deionized water, the plasma electron temperature ( ) was calculated by Boltzmann plot and container plasma medium temperature by thermal camera, and the electron density ( ) was computed by Stark broadening using the hydrogen (H line) at 656.279 nm With increasing current from 75 to 125 A, the electron density (n_e) increased from 3.160×  to 8.762×   , while electron temperatures increased from 0.571 to 1.334 eV under the same conditions. 

Background: Rehabilitation of the carious tooth to establish tooth structure integrity required cavity design that show a benign stress distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the cavity position on the stress values in the reamining tooth structure restored with amalgam or resin composite. Materials and methods: Seven 2-D models of maxillary first premolar include class I cavity design was prepared, one sound tooth (A) 3 composite (B1, B2, and B3) and 3 amalgam (C1, C2, and C3). In design (BI and C1) the cavity position is in the mid distance between bacc-lingual cusp tip, design (B2 and C2) and (B3 and C3) shifted toward the buccal cusp and the lingual cusp for 0.5 mm respectively. One hundred N vertical

ZnO organic hybrid junction (electroluminescence EL device) was fabricated using phase segregation method. ZnO-nanoparticle (NPs) was prepared as a colloidal by self–assembly method of Zinc acetate solution with KOH solution. Nanoparticle is employed to form organic-inorganic hybrid film and generate white light emission, while N,N’–diphenyl-N,N’ –bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1’-biphenyl 4,4’-diamine (TPD) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are adopted as the organic matrices. ZnO NPs was used to fabricate TPD: PMMA: ZnO NPs hybrid junction device. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the TPD: PMMA: ZnO NPs hybrid device provided a broad emission band covering entirely the visible spectrum (∼350-∼700

In this paper, thermal properties were performed by using semi-empirical theoretical calculations to study the molecular structure of a nonlinear molecular system, the (S₂F₂) molecule in the infrared region, by using semi-empirical quantum programs in the (MNDO / PM₃) method. This study is under the condition of obtaining the stable structure of the molecule in which the molecule obtains the minimum value of the total energy. The thermodynamic properties were also calculated, including the heat of formation, whose value was (-61.002kcal / mol),  the entropy and its value (78.2916 cal / mol.k), as well as the heat capacity  (15.9454 cal / mol.k) and the enthalpy (3763.434 cal /mol),  Gibbs F

The optical transmission and UV-VIS absorption spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (200-1100m) for different composition of polyaniline and polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA ) blends thin films. Polyaniline was prepared in acidic medium to enhancement the solubility and processibility, The optical energy gap (Eopt) refractive index and optical dielectric constant real and imaginary part have been evaluated. The effects of doping percentage of prepared polyaniline on these parameters was discussed and the non –linear behavior for all these parameters was investigated.

This study focuses on producing wood-plastic composites using unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Pistacia vera shell particles and wood industry waste powder. Composites with reinforcement ratios of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were prepared and tested for thermal conductivity, impact strength, hardness, and compressive strength. The results revealed that thermal conductivity increases with reinforcement, while maintaining good thermal insulation, reaching a peak value of 0.633453 W/m·K. Hardness decreased with increased reinforcement, reaching a minimum nominal hardness value of 0.9479. Meanwhile, impact strength and compressive strength improved, with peak values of 14.103 k/m² and 57.3864568 MPa, respectively. The main aim is to manu

An idea of a colored glaze is presented in this study to hide and dispose all the obstacles of using solar systems as facades integrated with buildings. This aim is achieved  by designing multilayer optical interference filters by using Mat lab program . Appropriate dielectric materials, namely NdF₃ of high refractive index (n_H =1.6)  and ThF₄ of low refractive index (n_L =1.5143) were employed. Quarter wave thicknesses of high (H) and low (L) refractive index were deposited on a microscopic slide substrate with n=1.513 and 550 nm design wavelength (l_°). Two optical models were designed, which are Air//HL//glass and Air//LH//glass,  for even numbers of layers (2-32 lay

     In this work, plasma system that operates at vacuum was designed and built using a sheet of cobalt metal for the purpose of diagnosing plasma and measuring its parameters, as it is very important to know the processes that accompany plasma generation and are closely related to them, including the electron density in the plasma and its temperature. The spectroscopic diagnosis was done by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) which relies on the calculation of the optical radiation emitted by the plasma to describe plasma parameters in the chemical, molecular, and ionic radiator's near environment, and applied to cobalt metal at vacuum D.C high voltage power supply. The results showed the rise of spectral lines intensity with increa