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Association between genetic polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and adverse effects of etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Background. Gene polymorphisms affect etanercept’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and side effects. This effect is evidenced by the extensive genetic variation in the drug’s targets. Objectives. This study aims to find the association between different genotypes of the promoter region of the TNF-α gene at -308G/A(rs1800629), -857C/T(rs1799724), -863 C/A(rs1800630), -1031 T/C (rs1799964), -806 C/T (rs4248158) and -376 G/A (rs1800750) and the side effects of ETN that occurred to Iraqi RA patients. Method. The trial included patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been using ETN for at least six months. The participants were from the Baghdad Teaching Hospital Rheumatology Unit. The PCR was sequenced to determine the polymorphism in the TNF- promoter region at sites -308 G/A (rs1800629), -857 C/T (rs1799724), -863 C/A (rs1800630), -1031 T/C (rs1799964), and -376 G/A (rs4248158) (rs1800750). The link between the genetic variation at these loci and the etanercept’s most frequent adverse effect was then investigated. Results. The only genotype of (-376 G/A) significantly related to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection is the GG genotype, according to the results of this study. However, genotypes for the remaining SNPs did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between ETN and an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections, injection site response, or skin rash in patients. Conclusion. This study revealed that only the GG genotype of (-376 G/A) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of upper respiratory tract infection.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research
Design of experiments model for optimization of spectrophotometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using p-bromanil
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A simple, fast, inexpensive and sensitive method has been proposed to screen and optimize experimental factors that effecting the determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE.HCl) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the development of brown-colored charge transfer (CT) complex with p-Bromanil (p-Br) in an alkaline medium (pH=9) with 1.07 min after heating at 80 °C. ‘Design of Experiments’ (DOE) employing ‘Central Composite Face Centered Design’ (CCF) and ‘Response Surface Methodology’ (RSM) were applied as an improvement to traditional ‘One Variable at Time’ (OVAT) approach to evaluate the effects of variations in selected factors (volume of 5×10-3 M p-Br, heating time, and temperature) on

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 27 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of the Aerial Parts of Iraqi Euphorbia cyathophora on Bone Marrow and Spleen Cells in Mice
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The aim of the study was extraction of arial part of Euphorbia cyathophora constituents with methanol and evaluate its effect on mitotic index and total chromosomal aberration bone marrow cell and spleen cell in mice  200 gm of E. cyathophora fine powder was defatted then extracted by cold maceration 80% ethanol for seven days. The extract was filtered and dried in a rotary evaporator then the dried extract was suspended with water and consecutively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate for each. The aqueous layer was then mixed with 100ml methanol. These fractions are dried under reduced pressure to obtain the dry extract. Twenty-four Albino mice were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: Gr

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives J.
Evaluation of the performance of triple, single crosses and their inbred in bred lines of maize under two plant population
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Future of Educational Management Reform in Ibn Ashour Vision of Purposes and the Objectives Of The Kingdom's Vision 2030
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The study aims at explaining the extent to which the principles of educational management reform contribute to Ibn Ashour in achieving educational management reform and the extent to which the pillars of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 in the field of Education in achieving the educational management reform. The study also aims to provide a future vision of what the educational administrative reform and its results should be in the Kingdom during the next ten years. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher followed two approaches: on the theoretical side, he relied on applying the content analysis method. As for the applied side, the researcher adopted the Delphi method by two questionnaires to ask (36) participants from the experts a

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 16 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Humanities And Social Sciences Researches
The Role and Importance of Electronic Automation in Banking Service Development: A Case Study of the Commercial Bank of Iraq
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Electronic banking services appeared as a result of laying the foundations for the application of electronic automation in the banking field, and despite the clear expansion in its adoption and implementation as an inevitable necessity imposed by international and national developments, its application was not ideal according to the level that was expected to occur after the abandonment of traditional banking services, which produced some risks Which is evident in the absence of a legal system, whether at the level of proving and authoritative electronic banking services such as electronic signature, Or at the level of protecting the confidentiality of these services and ensuring that they are not exp

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of Some Methods for Estimating Parameters of General Linear Model in Presence of Heteroscedastic Problem and High Leverage Points
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Linear regression is one of the most important statistical tools through which it is possible to know the relationship between the response variable and one variable (or more) of the independent variable(s), which is often used in various fields of science. Heteroscedastic is one of the linear regression problems, the effect of which leads to inaccurate conclusions. The problem of heteroscedastic may be accompanied by the presence of extreme outliers in the independent variables (High leverage points) (HLPs), the presence of (HLPs) in the data set result unrealistic estimates and misleading inferences. In this paper, we review some of the robust

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Electoral appeals and the separation of organic health In the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year (2005)
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الخلاصة

تعد الانتخابات بمثابة الطريق المؤدي إلى الديمقراطية كونها النمط الأكثر شيوعاً لمشاركة المواطنين في الحياة السياسية للبلدان واختيار ممثليهم في المجالس التشريعية، حيث أن مطلب إجراء انتخابات حرة ونزيهة لم يعد مطلباً داخلياً فحسب بل مطلباً دولياً يصرّ المجتمع الدولي على الوفاء به وهذا يلقي على عاتق كل دولة أن تضع من الضمانات ما يكفل ممارسة هذه الانتخابات ب

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of soy protein a humidifier in the qualitative characteristics of the Barker factory of beef and chicken meat elderly
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The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding different percentages of soy protein a humidifier to mix Sarcoma Barker component of the beef mixture Alkhalt added Alber elderly chicken with five ratios were manufacturing Alberkr discs for sensory evaluation

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 24 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effect of local exogenous application of VEGF on bone healing (experimental study in rat)
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Background: The repair of bone defects remains a major clinical orthopaedic challenge. Bone is a highly vascularised tissue reliant on the close spatial and temporal connection between blood vessels and bone cells to maintain skeletal integrity. Angiogenesis thus plays a pivotal role in skeletal development and bone fracture repair. The role of angiogenic and osteogenic factors in the adaptive response and interaction of osteoblasts and endothelial cells during the multi step process of bone development and repair will be highlighted in this study. This study aimed to identify the role of local exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor in bone healing and to analyze the expression of VEGF by immunohistochemistry in created bone defect af

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Effect of sedimentation source on the nature occurrence and distribution of the feldspar in some soil of Alluvial plain Iraq
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The current study was conducted to find out the effect of the sediment source (sedimentary of Iraqi-Iranian borderline and Tigris River) on the content and distribution of feldspar minerals and their effect on the optical properties of these minerals in some soils of Wasit and Maysan province. Eight pedons were chosen to represent the study area, five of them represented sediments coming from the borderline, which included pedons of (Badra, Taj Al-Din, Al-Shihabi, Jassan, and Galat), while two of them represent the sediments of the Tigris River (Essaouira, Al-Dabouni). Finally, the pedon of Ali Al-Gharbi represented the mixing area of sediments of all the torrents coming from borderline and the sediments of the Tigris River. The diagnostic

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