Bending effects on the transmission of optical signal are investigated on a single mode
optical fiber (SMOF) of 10 m length, core radius of 5 μm and optical refractive index difference
0.003. The bending radii (R) were between 0.08 and 0.0015 m. A great decrease in the amplitude is
shown for radii below 0.01 m. Sudden break down occurs for radii less than 0.0015 m. Birefringence
(B) is difficult to measure for long fibers. Meanwhile, B was found by comparing with calibrated
fiber of the same properties but of length of 0.075 m. The results show an increase in propagation
constant (Δβ) and the decrease in beat length (Lb), and show that bending decreases the critical radius
of curvature (Rc) related to B. The chang

The research depth and dimensions of the problem of environmental pollution resulting from the combustion of fuel used in electric power generators, especially in the summer and you are the national electric power supplied by almost non-existent state where this problem is a local phenomenon that has serious dimensions to human health, as well as the possibility of using a the tax system tools of b (environmental taxes) to reduce these pollutants, so the search is aimed at the types of gases emitted from burning fuel electric generators operating in the province of Baghdad and then measure the amount of environmental pollution as well as compared to the amount of some of these gases, which is more risk to humans with permitted by the Wor

Objectives: To determine Smartphone addiction among primary school students and its impacts. The samples of the study were240primary school students in derived from stratified random sampling. The questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were then an- analyzed using correlation statistics. It also caused a negative impact on demic performance of the primary school students.
Methodology: A cross- sectional study in assessment approach in applied in order to achieve the earlier stated objectives. The study was initiated from October 1st, 2019 to April 30th, 2020. Simple random sampling (probability) sample of (240) Pupils study In primary school at Al-Rusafa first directorate schools in Baghdad City.
Results: The study re

      Teaching techniques are the vehicles, which are used by teachers to help pupils learn and gain experiences and create positive classroom activities, as much as these techniques are varied, they lead to successful and fruitful learning in the foreign language. They help teachers achieve their objectives (Asowrth, 1985: 124).

    The English language teacher's work is an active and purposeful one when he can plan carefully and frequently make the necessary changes in the contents and methods of teaching programme to fit the interest and needs of pupils. It seems that the majority of primary English teachers' interests does not go far in planning their work, and do not understand which o

The study examines the religious references of the art of miniatures in the Iranian school "Bahzad model" completed in Iran during the twelfth century AH, according to the controls and characteristics of the authoritative references. The researcher presented the problem of research, its importance, the need for it and its purpose, defined the terms in the research. The theoretical framework came with three investigations. The first topic of the concept of the reference in the field of knowledge, which concluded the most important features of the reference, is that each symbolic existence corresponds to a real existence and symbolic presence is an input to the realization of the reference. The reference then becomes a sign that acts as a

The study aimed to explore the school principals’ servant leadership practices for primary teachers’ perspectives in the Sultanate of Oman, furthermore to investigate the differences in those practices attributable to variables (gender, qualification, educational stage, years of experience, governorate). The study relied on the descriptive approach, by employing the survey research design using the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, which included five dimensions of servant leadership (altruism, humility, enhancing teacher development, emotional healing, commitment to community development), Data collected from (1094) teachers in basic education schools, and they were chosen randomly. The results of the study indicated

Art is a language in which the artist expresses himself, his society, and the events he lives in, so new artistic trends emerged, so the artist no longer practices his art as required by any previous artistic rules. And the thoughts wandering inside him, which led him to the abstract method in which the artist tries to employ the elements of the artwork in a plastic construction through which he achieves the relationships of the abstract form through the rhythms of lines, colors, spaces, shapes and textures without these plastic elements having any connection with the visual reality.
The research aims to find a new vision inspired by the school of geometric abstraction to enrich the field of Saudi plastic painting. And to take advan

ABSTRACT

The research aims to know the reality of a two examined variables at the organization studied identifying the relationship between managerial processes reengineering and organizational citizenship behavior. The research applied on the Electronic Manufacturing Company encompassing a sample of managers and employees consisted of (100) individuals. A questionnaire is the main instrument for data gathering, which has been included (45) questions as well as personal interviews to support the questionnaire's questions and to achieve greater realism for collecting information.

Answers were analyzed to reach the final results through the use of a number of statistical methods via