At the level of both individuals and companies, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) get a wide range of applications and uses. Sensors are used in a wide range of industries, including agriculture, transportation, health, and many more. Many technologies, such as wireless communication protocols, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile computing, and other emerging technologies, are connected to the usage of sensors. In many circumstances, this contact necessitates the transmission of crucial data, necessitating the need to protect that data from potential threats. However, as the WSN components often have constrained computation and power capabilities, protecting the communication in WSNs comes at a significant performance penalty. Due to the massive calculations required by conventional public-key and secret encryption methods, information security in this limited context calls for light encryption techniques. In many applications involving sensor networks, security is a crucial concern. On the basis of traditional cryptography, a number of security procedures are created for wireless sensor networks. Some symmetric-key encryption techniques used in sensor network setups include AES, RC5, SkipJack, and XXTEA. These algorithms do, however, have several flaws of their own, including being susceptible to chosen-plaintext assault, brute force attack, and computational complexity.
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical compression properties of tin-lead and lead-free alloy spherical balls, using more than 500 samples to identify statistical variability in the properties in each alloy. Isothermal aging was done to study and compare the aging effect on the microstructure and properties.
The results showed significant elastic and plastic anisotropy of tin phase in lead-free tin based solder and that was compared with simulation using a Crystal Plasticity Finite Element (CPEF) method that has the anisotropy of Sn installed. The results and experiments were in good agreement, indicating the range of values expected with anisotropic properties.
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