Background: Annona squamosa is used in different places such as India as a general tonic to enrich blood, relieve vomiting, cancer, as a vermicide, for skin complaints and also applied to wounds and ulcers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties from of the alkaloidal fraction of A. squamosa. Methods: Well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used to evaluate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA and Helicobacter pylori. DPPH and SOD assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. LC-MS analysis was used to identify alkaloids and scanning electron microscopy studies that revealed mode of action. Results: Alkaloidal fraction of A. squamosa exhibited significant inhibition against the tested bacteria. Extracted alkaloids from the leaves of A. squamosa showed high level of antioxidant activities. LC-MS analyses of alkaloids of the plant were identified as corydine, sanjoinine, norlaureline, norcodeine, oxanalobine and aporphine in the leaves of A. squamosa. SEM analysis of the interaction of these substances with the bacteria showed morphological changes of cell wall and lysis of the targeted bacterial cells. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the alkaloids isolated from A. squamosa showed good antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The results suggest the alkaloids can be a new source of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria and antioxidant source
The experiment was carried out in College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during November 1, 2019 to June 1, 2020. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design. Each block contained 18 experimental units that included the three study factors. The first factor interaction between two inoculum densities and application methods, three levels control, treatment of seeds inoculation with 5g plant and treatment of seedlings inoculation whith 30g plant . The second factor was three -1 -1concentrations of spraying of kinetin 0, 75 and 150 mg L , and third factor include two levels of organic manure) and addition of fertilizer 2% of -1 the weight of the soil (O2). The results showed a signif
... Show MoreA Laboratory study was conducted in quality control department ,state company for food stuff trading ministry of trade (2005-2006) on sunflower oil imported to Iraq from different origins included 12 trade marks, Complete random design was used with four replication .The purpose of the study is to know the origins effect on fatty acid percent and study the simple correlation between them, the result showed Turkish origin for trademark (Narin) was superior in Palmitic and Stearic fatty acid (10.41,3.29%).While Omanian origin for trademark Alsafwa was superior in Oleic(35.09%) and Syrian origin for trade mark Alnahraen was superior in Linoleic fatty acid percent 66.53% whereas Egyptian origin for trademark Alasel was superior in the percent
... Show MoreThe experiment was carried out in the laboratories of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Bromelain enzyme was extracted from pineapple fruit crown and pineapple peel. An extraction solution was used with different mixing ratios from 1:1 to 5:1. The mixing ratio of 2:1 was the best extraction ratio, as it reached the highest enzymatic activity among the other mixing ratios, which was 33 units. The enzymatic activity of the crown extract was higher than the enzymatic activity of the peel extract, reaching 9.8 units/ml and 1.1 units/ml, respectively, the enzyme was precipitated using ammonium sulfate at a concentration of 30 % - 90 %. This concentrat
The plant occupied the largest area in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, especially the medicinal plants, and it has shown great potential in biotechnology applications. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaves extract and its antifungal and antitumor activities were investigated. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed after 1 hour of preparation color changing. The ultraviolet and visible spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize synthesis particles. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy showed a silver surface plasmon resonance band at 434
... Show MoreThere is an assumption implicit but fundamental theory behind the decline by the time series used in the estimate, namely that the time series has a sleep feature Stationary or the language of Engle Gernger chains are integrated level zero, which indicated by I (0). It is well known, for example, tables of t-statistic is designed primarily to deal with the results of the regression that uses static strings. This assumption has been previously treated as an axiom the mid-seventies, where researchers are conducting studies of applied without taking into account the properties of time series used prior to the assessment, was to accept the results of these tests Bmanueh and delivery capabilities based on the applicability of the theo
... Show MoreMethotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist agent, is mainly used in treatment of malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases. The present study was undertaken to determine whether antioxidant vitamin (vitamin A) could ameliorate methotrexate induced oxidative stress in male rabbits. Twenty male rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1: control group, Group 2: MTX-treated group (received 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally), Group 3: Vit.A treated group received 5000 IU Vit.A orally) and Group 4: MTX+Vit.A treated group received MTX 20 mg/kg plus 5000 IU vit.A). After 4 weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to determine the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), as a good indicator for lipid peroxidation and
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