Background: The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy warrants several side effects and also deleterious effects on fetal development, the antiepileptic drugs have potential to affect the fetal development throughout the pregnancy although, the majority of infants born to epileptic pregnant women are normal but more expose to the malformations. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of carbamazepine drug on the kidney development at day 7 postnatally in the Albino Rat (Rattus rattus) as a mammalian model. Material & Methods: 20 healthy pregnant female rats were divided into two groups, 10 pregnant rats in each group; group one served as control group administrated distal water while group two used as experimental group which administrated carbamazepine drug at dose 20mg/kg/rat daily from first day of pregnancy till 7 th day after birth in both groups. On 7 th day after birth, the newborns and kidneys were removed; the weight is measured and then fixed, dehydrated in ascending grades of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated with filtered paraffin. The paraffin blocks were made and 5μm thin sections were obtained using a rotary microtome. The sections were stained with H&E stain, PAS examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Under the light microscope, the kidney in Group II show the glomerular atrophy with enlargement of Bowman’s space, hemorrhage, congestion, degeneration and hypertrophy of simple squamous epithelial lining cells of partial layer of Bowman's capsule, glomerular cells accumulation, detachment of tubular epithelial lining cells from basement membrane and tubular degeneration represented by (cell swelling, loss nucleus and cell death); a statistically significant differences have been shown in the diameter of renal corpuscle, glomerular tuft and Bowman’s space, and also in the renal tubules proximal and distal convoluted tubules (p<0.001). The results of scanning electron microscope found that the visceral layer of renal corpuscle contain specialized cells called podocyte cells and the diameter of these cells is statistically significant in treated group in comparison to control group (p<0.001), while There is no significant differences found in the weight of kidneys and newborns. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that carbamazepine drug administration to the dams produced teratogenic effects on the developing of kidney in rat.
An Indirect simple sensitive and applicable spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the determination of Cefotaxime Sodium (CEF), ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (CIP) and Famotidine (FAM) using reaction system bromate-bromide and acriflavine (AF) as fluorescent dye. The method is based on the oxidation of drugs with known excess bromate-bromide mixture in acidic medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by quenching fluorescence of AF. Fluorescence intensity of residual AF was measured at 528 nm after excitation at 402 nm. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges 0.1-3.0, 0.05-2.6 and 0.1-3.8 µg ml-1 with lower detection limits of 0.013, 0.018 and 0.021 µg ml-1 an
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Inherent fluctuations in the availability of energy from renewables, particularly solar, remain a substantial impediment to their widespread deployment worldwide. Employing phase-change materials (PCMs) as media, saving energy for later consumption, offers a promising solution for overcoming the problem. However, the heat conductivities of most PCMs are limited, which severely limits the energy storage potential of these materials. This study suggests employing circular fins with staggered distribution to achieve improved thermal response rates of PCM in a vertical triple-tube heat exchanger involving two opposite flow streams of the heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Since heat diffusion is not the same at various portions of the PCM unit,
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BACKGROUNDS Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) application is among presurgical management (PSM) techniques used for infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). It helps to approximate the palatal cleft and to reshape the nasoalveolar complex prior to primary lip repair. This study aimed to explore types of PSM and the dental speciality provision for infants with CLP in Baghdad. The status of NAM usage and surgeons’ perceptions toward NAM usage were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire study that collected responses of surgeons perform primary lip and nose repair regarding PSM. The questionnaire was distributed amongst public and private hospitals in Baghdad. Twenty surgeons were enrolled (only those su
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society. Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GOLD guidelines at Kirkuk General Hospital's
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Lead-acid batteries have been used increasingly in recent years in solar power systems, especially in homes and small businesses, due to their cheapness and advanced development in manufacturing them. However, these batteries have low voltages and low capacities, to increase voltage and capacities, they need to be connected in series and parallel. Whether they are connected in series or parallel, their voltages and capacities must be equal otherwise the quality of service will be degraded. The fact that these different voltages are inherent in their manufacturing, but these unbalanced voltages can be controlled. Using a switched capacitor is a method that was used in many methods for balancing voltages, but their respons
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Objective: To determine the effect of instructional program on infertile women's knowledge regarding
diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for infertility.
Methodology: Non-probability (purposive sample) of (100) infertile women, who visit Kamal Al-Samaraee Hospital/
fertility and IVF center. The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which included:
demographic characteristics, social status, previous medical history, reproductive status, sexual status and questions
regarding women’s knowledge about infertility. Instrument validity and reliability was determined. Data were
collected through the use of questionnaire, the application of the instructional program was done for the study group<
The practice of art is an inevitable result imposed by the circumstances surrounding the human being, as he needs some knowledge associated with raw materials, tools and methods to develop skills in the formation of elements of the work of art in new ways that give a decent artistic appearance to the work of art. Through the exploratory study carried out by the researcher, which included asking the following question to the third grade students, Department of Art Education:
What types of materials are used in handicrafts and from which sources are they obtained? Through the answers, the problem of research was founded as follows:
-Are the products of students of the Department of Art Education in the handicraft material d
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