The nature of the dark sector of the Universe remains one of the outstanding problems in modern cosmology, with the search for new observational probes guiding the development of the next generation of observational facilities. Clues come from tension between the predictions from Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) and observations of gravitationally lensed galaxies. Previous studies showed that galaxy clusters in the ΛCDM are not strong enough to reproduce the observed number of lensed arcs. This work aims to constrain the warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies by means of the lensing efficiency of galaxy clusters drawn from these alternative models. The lensing characteristics of two samples of simulated clusters in the Λ warm dark matter and ΛCDM cosmologies have been studied. The results show that even though the cold dark matter (CDM) clusters are more centrally concentrated and contain more substructures, the WDM clusters have slightly higher lensing efficiency than their CDM counterparts. The key difference is that WDM clusters have more extended and more massive subhaloes than CDM analogues. These massive substructures significantly stretch the critical lines and caustics and hence they boost the lensing efficiency of the host halo. Despite the increase in the lensing efficiency due to the contribution of massive substructures in the WDM clusters, this is not enough to resolve the arc statistics problem.
This Study Sought to Determine The Relationship and Impact Between The Tax Core Capabilities and Tax Settlement The Study Took Place in The Tax Administration, and Based The Problem Was to Two Hypotheses As Solutions Initial Mocked Content to Explain The Relationship Between The Phenomena, and to Test The Validity of Assumptions And Due To The Fact That The General Authority for Taxes is The Body for The Advancement of The Collection Tax In Iraq Random Sample Was Selected to Represent The Population of The Study, Since The Sample Included 22 Individuals Representing 70% of The Total Community to Study, Represented by The Director General, Agents and Directors of Departments and Branch Managers Managers Working in The General Authority fo
... Show MoreThe information revolution، the new language has become one for all the peoples of the world through handling and exchange and to participate in all key areas (economic، cultural and scientific) and Accounting episode of this revolution has turned most of the traditional systems (manual) in companies to automated systems، this transformation in the regulations summoned from the auditors that develops their traditional examination automated systems so had to provide tools for auditing help auditors to keep abreast of developments and as a result there is no evidence checksum Local Private audited automated systems came search to provide evidence helps auditors for guidance as part of COBIT، which provides audit procedures Detailed inf
... Show MoreThe research aims to determine the role of training strategy dimensions of (trainers، curriculum training programs، trainees and their desire for training، administrative and supervisory services and their impact on the success of the training program) in the entrepreneurial performance of the organization dimensions of (pre-planning، renovation and modernization، efficiency، effectiveness)، so search ranks of great importance because it addresses an important and modern issue in performance entrepreneurial، and strategy training، aware of the importance of the subject and expected outcomes (General company for electrical Industries - motor plant) surveyed، was an analysis of data obtained through field visits in addition to the q
... Show MoreThe process of transformation from the central economy to a free economy requires restructuring the economy according to a new economic philosophy that relies on activating the role of private economic activity in which private and medium-sized institutions occupy an essential axis for their active role in the economies of all countries, especially those countries that have directed towards the market mechanism and sector leadership. The special process of economic development and the role that commercial banks can play in advancing the financing of these projects by establishing specialized business incubators for financing.
What encouraged countries to pay attention to these institutions is the ease of
... Show MoreThis research deals with the frameworks and mechanisms of international press coverage of the issue of foreign interference in the formation of the Iraqi government in the Saudi newspapers Asharq Al-Awsat and Kayhan Al-Arabi Iran and how this topic was addressed in the two newspapers. The frameworks for international press coverage of external interference in the formation of the Iraqi government. ”This research is one of the descriptive research that adopted the survey method، which made it possible to use the content analysis tool to analyze
the content of the two newspapers، whose numbers are (624) from the
newspapers (Al-Sharq Al-Awsat Al-Saudi Arabia and Kayhan Al-Arabi Iran) from (1/1/2018 to 31/12/2018)، and the researc
The aim of this study is to design a proposed model for a document to insure the mistakes of the medical profession in estimating the compensation for medical errors. The medical profession is an honest profession aimed primarily at serving human and human beings. In this case, the doctor may be subject to error and error , And the research has adopted the descriptive approach and the research reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which is no one to bear the responsibility of medical error, although the responsibility shared and the doctor contributes to them, doctors do not deal with patients according to their educational level and cultural and there are some doctors do not inform patients The absence of a document to insu
... Show MoreThe phenomenon of informal building Spread recently in Iraqi residential areas, in general, and in Baghdad, in particular, due to the urgent housing need, on the one hand, and lack of commitment to building controls, on the other hand, to highlight the phenomenon of uncommitted building to controls and housing governing legislation in Iraq, leading to heterogeneity in both building densities and plot areas, and disorder in the urban fabric and urban escape of those areas. Research problem identified as the absence of a clear vision about the General aspects of the phenomenon of informal building in residential street scene, and the role of designed housing projects as a substitute for informal building in built residential areas. The des
... Show MoreThis research aims to find out the impact on the receptive style according to the specimen in the collection of material Brawner and retention as students at the Arabic Department at the Faculty of Education for Girls. For confirmation from the goal of the research, the researcher placed two hypotheses, one to two for collections and one for pods. - chosen as the College of Education for Girls / Department of Arabic language for the application of choice Intentionally search experience for reasons of researcher he is teaching them and thus ensures cooperation of teachers and students in them. - selected Division (b) of the fourth grade students of the Arabic language section at random to represent the experimental group, while the Division
... Show MoreThis research aims to introduce the general tax on sales in gordan and the most important concepts related to this type of taxes and identify the most on characteristics and stand on its role in supplying the general budget of the necessary fundig to cover the over head of the state and the factorsinfluencing it and whether such a tax has been able to chieve the desired goals.including in contribute to an important and growing role in puplic revenues or not to be able to achieve these goals through the use of descriptive and analytical technique based on the data and information relevant.wasreached some conclusion and recommendations was most important is that the general sales tax comes in
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