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A Neuro-Fuzzy Technique for the Modeling of β-Glucosidase Activity from Agaricus bisporus
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This paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy system to model β-glucosidase activity based on the reaction’s pH level and temperature. The developed fuzzy inference system includes two input variables (pH level and temperature) and one output (enzyme activity). The multi-input fuzzy inference system was developed in two stages: first, developing a single input-single output fuzzy inference system for each input variable (pH, temperature) separately, using the robust adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach. The neural network learning techniques were used to tune the membership functions based on previously published experimental data for β-glucosidase. Second, each input’s optimized membership functions from the ANFIS technique were embedded in a new fuzzy inference system to simultaneously encompass the impact of temperature and pH level on the activity of β-glucosidase. The required base rules for the developed fuzzy inference system were created to describe the antecedent (pH and temperature) implication to the consequent (enzyme activity), using the singleton Sugeno fuzzy inference technique. The simulation results from the developed models achieved high accuracy. The neuro-fuzzy approach performed very well in predicting β-glucosidase activity through comparative analysis. The proposed approach may be used to predict enzyme kinetics for several nonlinear biosynthetic processes.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 09 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Application of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique to Estimate Genetic Distance among Some Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Iraqi Hospitals
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Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal nosocomial causative agents. This bacterium has the capability to resist wide range of antibiotics and it is responsible for many diseases like skin, nose and wounds infection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the hospitals and to investigate the genetic distance between them. 90 Isolates were collected from clinical specimens from Iraqi hospitals for a total of 90 isolates. Only 10 strains (11.11%) were found to be MRSA. From these 10 primers, only 9 gave clear amplification products. 91 fragment l

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity Study Via some new Schiff bases for Trimethoprim
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This search reports the synthesis of some new series of Schiff base compounds for trimetheprim derivatives which known high been known as a medicinal effectiveness. Trimetheprim was condensed with several substituted aldehydes compounds.(4-dimethyl amine benzaldehyde , propanal , salicaldehyde, 2.4 dimethoxy benzaldehyde and 4- methyl benzaldehyde) to obtain Schiff base products(1a-5a) and several substituted ketones compound (4-aminoacetophenone,4-chloroacetophenone, isobutyleketone, acetylacetone and acetophenone) to obtain Schiff base products(6b-10b) in ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to yield the Schiff base. The structure of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their Chemical

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Construction Time-Cost Optimization Modeling Using Ant Colony Optimization
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In the field of construction project management, time and cost are the most important factors to be considered in planning every project, and their relationship is complex. The total cost for each project is the sum of the direct and indirect cost. Direct cost commonly represents labor, materials, equipment, etc.
Indirect cost generally represents overhead cost such as supervision, administration, consultants, and interests. Direct cost grows at an increasing rate as the project time is reduced from its original planned time. However, indirect cost continues for the life of the project and any reduction in project time means a reduction in indirect cost. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the time and cost for completing construc

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The efficiency of Using Attribute and Performance- Based Activity Methods to Raise the Level of Control Deviation A field study in Jaber Bin Hayyan Factory
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Cost is the essence of any production process for it is one of the requirements for the continuity of activities so as to increase the profitability of the economic unit and to support the competitive situation in the market. Therefore, there should be an overall control to reduce the cost without compromising the product quality; to achieve this, the management should have detailed credible and reliable information about the cost to be measured, collected, understood and to analyze the causes for the spread of deviations and obstacles the management faces, and to search for the factors that trigger the emergence of these deviations and obstacles

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 20 2024
Journal Name
Frontiers In Microbiology
Removal of mobile genetic elements from the genome of Clostridioides difficile and the implications for the organism’s biology
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Clostridioides difficile is an emerging pathogen of One Health significance. Its highly variable genome contains mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons and prophages that influence its biology. Systematic deletion of each genetic element is required to determine their precise role in C. difficile biology and contribution to the wider mobilome. Here, Tn5397 (21 kb) and ϕ027 (56 kb) were deleted from C. difficile 630 and R20291, respectively, using allele replacement facilitated by CRISPR-Cas9. The 630 Tn5397 deletant transferred PaLoc at the same frequency (1 × 10−7

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 19 2018
Journal Name
Elmofaker Review
The Secondary Liability of Electronic Auctions Arising from Contributory Trademark Infringement – A Comparative Study
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Despite the global economic downturn, online e-commerce, especially the sale of counterfeit goods, continues to witness a rise in sales, and one of the important players in e-commerce is the owners of e-commerce auction sites. Although they do not have a direct role in trademark infringement, they still consider them indirectly responsible (secondary liability) for infringing on their trademarks. Thus, many cases have been filed by the owners of the original trademarks (which have been infringed by persons who have sold some of the goods and products that are imitating their marks through some electronic auctions) against the owners of those auctions. In view of the international character of the Internet, in different countries, and despit

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 04 2025
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Exploring the Current Situation of Cancer Patients’ Management from Physicians’ Perspective: A qualitative Study
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Background: Cancer is rising as a significant global public health concern. The global cancer burden is escalating, exerting considerable physical, emotional, and financial strain on people, families, communities, and healthcare systems. Objective: To explore the challenges faced in cancer management from the perspectives of physicians. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025. Physicians were recruited from three different centers in Baghdad and Karbala using purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection was concluded upon reaching a saturation point. Results: This study included twenty-six oncologists. There was about parity between the two genders, with a slight male predominance.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLLENIA ROB.-DESVOIDY, 1830 (DIPTERA : CALLIPHORIDAE) FROM IRAQ
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This research includes a detailed morphological description of the Pollenia mesopotamica sp. nov. in Iraq. Locality, host plant and data of collection were given.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
A MULTIVARIATE MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS LOTUS L., 1753 (FABACEAE, LOTEAE) FROM EGYPT
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This study aims at examining and confirming the patterns of phenetic relationships and the levels of variations within and among the species of Lotus L., 1753 in Egypt by using morphometric analysis techniques. We have evaluated 24 morphological characters from about 300 herbarium specimens representing 19 species of Lotus that are currently recognized. Based on numerical analyses of macromorphological characters (cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and principal component analysis), 19 species of Lotus were recognized from Egypt. These species were clustered in six species-specific groups: (I) Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner, L. angustissimus L., L. glinoides Delile and L. schimperi Steud. ex Boiss., (II) Lotus glaber

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Transformations of the body from traditional expression to subjectivity : Marina Abramivic as a model.
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The way artists deal with body in their artistic works has had so many forms and methods, whether as an object for their drawings or as a material to create live artistic performances that relate to the idea of correspondence and interaction between different artistic categories such as: drama, dance, and painting as it is the case of the artist Marina Abramovic who has always used her body as an artistic unit to generate meaning and to perform her lively shows.
To go deeper into her career, our work was divided into 3 sections:
The first section was devoted to follow the main artistic stages that her body had gone through, starting with paintings she performed using concepts based on acting, simulation and nudity and ending wi

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