Guanine has a variety of roles in chemistry, from its basic function in the storing and transferring genetic information to its usages in synthetic chemistry and other fields. Because of its distinct structure and biological importance, it is a fundamental component of contemporary study in organic chemistry and molecular biology. In this review, we focused on covering the synthetic pathways of various derivatives of guanine from the year 2000 until the present. As a result of the guanine molecule containing multiple functional groups, this gives us the ability to prepare several guanines such as O6-alkylating guanines, O6-benzylguanines, 8-aza-O6-benzylguanines, 9-substituted guanines, guanine-azo derivatives, guanine Schiff bases, guanin

In the present work, 9-fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1) was prepared from 9-fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid and then converted into the acid hydrazide (2). Compound (2), is the key intermediate for the synthesis of several series of new compounds such as substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (3-6) were synthesized from the condensation of different substituted benzoic acids with compound (2) using POCl3 as condensing agent. Treatment of compound (2) with formic acid gave the N-formyl hydrazide (7), which upon refluxing with phosphorous pentoxide in benzene yielded the corresponding 5-(9-fluorenone-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (8). Reaction of hydrazide (2) with phenyl isocyanate to give N-phenyl semicarbazide derivative (9), then thi

A variety of liquid crystals comprising heterocyclics 1,3,4-oxadiazol ring [III], aminooxazol [IV]a, and aminothiazol [IV]b were synthesized through a number of steps, beginning of the reaction of 3, 3'- dimethyl - [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4, 4'- diamin, ethyl monochloroacetate and sodium acetate to synthesize diacetate compound[I]. The diester reacted with hydrazine hydrate(N2H4-H2O) to give dihydrazide compound [II], then reacted with Pyruvic acid and phosphorous oxychloride to produce diketone compound [III]. The last compound was reacted with urea and thiourea to give aminooxazol and aminothiazol respectively. The synthesized compounds actually characterized and determined the structures by melting points, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. By u

Complexes of some metal ions with 2-thiotolylurea were prepared in ethanolic medium using (1:1) (Metal : Ligand) ratio yielded series of neutral complexes as the general formula [M(L)Cl2]. The prepared complexes were identified by atomic absorption FT.IR, UV-Visble spectra, molar conductivity and magnetic properties. From the above data the tetrahedral structure was suggested for all complexes.

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were successfully prepared and synthesized by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) by using camphor as carbon source only, over iron Cobalt (Fe-Co) saturated zeolite at temperature between (700 oC and 900 °C), with different concentrations of camphor, and reaction time. The synthesized CNSs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The carbon spheres in different sizes between 100 nm and 1000 nm were investigated. This work has done by two parts, first preparation of the metallic catalyst and second part formation CNSs by heat treatment.

In search of novel antibacterial agent, a series of new isatin derivatives (3a-d) have been synthesized by condensation isatin (2,3-indolinendione) with piperidine (hexahydropyridine), hydrazine hydrate and Boc-amino acids respectively. Compounds synthesized have been characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial properties have been tested against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus, S. aureus by employing the well diffusion technique. A majority of the synthesized compounds were showing good antibacterial activity and from comparisons of the compounds, compound 3d has been determined to be the most active compound.

The present study aimed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using aqueous extract of black currant as a reducing agent. The green synthesized black currant selenium nanoparticles (BCSeNPs) were identified by color change. The characterization of SeNPs was achieved by Ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X–ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests were used to detect: stability, morphology, size, crystalline nature, and functional groups present on the surface of BCSeNPs. The results revealed appearance of the brick-red color indicating the specific color of selenium nanoparticles, and UV-Vis spectroscopy showed band absorbanc