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Removal of artificial anionic dye by electrocoagulation and electro-oxidation combined system using aluminum and nano (Cu-Mn-Ni) composite electrodes
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      The combined system of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the most promising methods in dye removal. In this work, a solution of 200 mg/l of Congo red was used to examine the removal of anionic dye using an EC-EO system with three stainless steel electrodes as the auxiliary electrodes and an aluminum electrode as anode for the EC process, Cu-Mn-Ni Nanocomposite as anode for the EO process. This composite oxide was simultaneously synthesized by anodic and cathodic deposition of Cu (NO3)2, MnCl2, and Ni (NO3)2 salts with 0.075 M as concentrations of each salt with a fixed molar ratio (1:1:1) at a constant current density of 25 mA/cm2. The characteristics structure and surface morphology of the deposited nano oxides onto the graphite substrates were determined by (XRD), (FE-SEM), (AFM), and (EDX). The results shown that nano Cu-Mn-Ni oxides were successfully deposited onto the anode and cathode. The crystal size and root mean square for the cathode were 30.79 nm and 79.36 nm, respectively, while for the anode, they were 24.19 nm and 41.88 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the combined system was examined for C.D, NaCl concentration, and time. In the EC-EO combined system, the cathode and anode were efficient when used as anodes for the EO process, besides aluminum. The cathode was more effective in the removal process than the anode due to its larger crystal size and the rough, granular shape of its surface. When current density (C.D) increased from 3 to 6 mA/cm², the removal efficiency shifted from 95% to 98%. However, excellent removal of 98% and 96.5% was attained with 1.665 and 2.0859 kWh/kg of dye as energy consumption in the presence and absence of NaCl salt, respectively by applying 6 mA/cm2 within 20 min of electrolysis.  

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 20 2025
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Using a 3D Chaotic Dynamic System as a Random Key Generator for Image Steganography
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In today's digital era, the importance of securing information has reached critical levels. Steganography is one of the methods used for this purpose by hiding sensitive data within other files. This study introduces an approach utilizing a chaotic dynamic system as a random key generator, governing both the selection of hiding locations within an image and the amount of data concealed in each location. The security of the steganography approach is considerably improved by using this random procedure. A 3D dynamic system with nine parameters influencing its behavior was carefully chosen. For each parameter, suitable interval values were determined to guarantee the system's chaotic behavior. Analysis of chaotic performance is given using the

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Prediction of Ryznar Index for the treated water from WTPs on Al-Karakh side of Baghdad City using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique
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In this research an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied for the prediction of Ryznar Index (RI) of the flowing water from WTPs in Al-Karakh side (left side) in Baghdad city for year 2013. Three models (ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3) have been developed and tested using data from Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat Baghdad) including drinking water quality for the period 2004 to 2013. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use an artificial neural networks in predicting the stability index (RI) with a good degree of accuracy. Where ANN 2 model could be used to predict RI for the effluents from Al-Karakh, Al-Qadisiya and Al-Karama WTPs as the highest correlation coefficient were obtained 92.4, 82.9 and 79.1% respectively. For

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 04 2021
Journal Name
Geofluids
Performance Evaluation of Polyethersulfone Membranes for Competitive Removal of Cd2+, Co2+, and Pb2+ Ions from Simulated Groundwater
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This paper presents studying the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for the simultaneous removal of Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions from binary and ternary aqueous solutions. Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions with two different initial concentrations (e.g., 10 and 50 ppm) were selected as examples of heavy metals that contaminate the groundwater as a result of geological and human activities. This study investigated the effect of types of PES membrane and metal ions concentration on the separation process. For the binary aqueous solutions, the permeation flux of the PES2 membranes was higher for the separation process of solutions containing 50 ppm of Cd2+ ions and 10 ppm of Co2+ ions (24.7 L

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Parametric Analysis of Surface Roughness and Metal Removal Rate during Electrical Discharge Machining of O1 Tool Steel
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This work studies the impact of input machining parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) on the machining process performance. Tool steel O1 was selected as the workpiece material, copper as the electrode material, and kerosene as the dielectric medium. Experimental runs have been carried out with a Design of Experiment (DOE) technique. Twenty tests are accomplished with the current range of (18 to 24 Ampere), a pulse duration range of (150 to 200 µs), and a pulse-off time range of (25 to 75 µs). Based upon the experimental study's output results, the EDM parameter's effect (voltage of power supply, discharge current, pulse duration, and pulse pause interval) on the responses of the process represented by sur

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Carbohydrate Polymers
Synthesis, characterization of acrylamide grafted chitosan and its use in removal of copper(II) ions from water
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Computational Thermal Sciences: An International Journal
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THERMAL PROBLEM OF FRICTIONAL BRAKE SYSTEM
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The present work aims to validate the experimental results of a new test rig built from scratch to evaluate the thermal behavior of the brake system with the numerical results of the transient thermal problem. The work was divided into two parts; in the first part, a three-dimensional finite-element solution of the transient thermal problem using a new developed 3D model of the brake system for the selected vehicle is SAIPA 131, while in the second part, the experimental test rig was built to achieve the necessary tests to find the temperature distribution during the braking process of the brake system. We obtained high agreement between the results of the new test rig with the numerical results based on the developed model of the brake

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 26 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Evaluation of Nystatin Microparticles as a Sustained Release System
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Nystatin is the drug of choice for treatment of cutaneous fungal infections with main disadvantage that is the need for multiple applications to achieve complete eradication which may reduce patient compliance. Microparticles offer a solution for such issue as they are one of sustained release preparations that achieve slow release of drug over an extended period of time. The objectives of this study were to fabricate nystatin-loaded chitosan microparticles with the ultimate goal of prolonging drug release and to analyze the influence of polymer concentration on various properties of microparticles. Microparticles were prepared by chemical cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Five formulas, namely N1C1, N1C2,

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design and Simulation of Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controller for Nonlinear System
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Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is a simple method and powerful technique to design a robust controller for nonlinear systems. It is an effective tool with acceptable performance. The major drawback is a classical Sliding Mode controller suffers from the chattering phenomenon which causes undesirable zigzag motion along the sliding surface. To overcome the snag of this classical approach, many methods were proposed and implemented. In this work, a Fuzzy controller was added to classical Sliding Mode controller in order to reduce the impact chattering problem. The new structure is called Sliding Mode Fuzzy controller (SMFC) which will also improve the properties and performance of the classical Sliding Mode control

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 07 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Applied Pharmaceutics
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAFUTIDINE NANOSUSPENSION FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
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Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare nanosuspension of a practical water insoluble antiulcer drug which is lafutidine to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate with studying the effect of different formulation variables to obtain the best formula with appropriate physical properties and higher dissolution rate.Methods: Nanosuspension of lafutidine was prepared using solvent anti-solvent precipitation method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90(PVP K-90) as the stabilizer. Ten formulations were prepared to show the effect of different variables in which two formulations showed the effect of stabilizer type, three formulations showed the effect of stabilizer concentration, two formulations showed the effect of combinatio

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Electrical Engineering
Dynamics Modeling and Motion Simulation of a Segway Robotic Transportation System
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