Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Some Rice Samples available in the Iraqi Markets Using the system of High-purity Germanium

Auday T. AlBayati; Naz T. Jarallah; Rafah I. Noori

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/3028/1/012049

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Publication Date

Sun Jun 01 2025

Journal Name

Journal Of Physics: Conference Series

Volume

3028

DOI

10.1088/1742-6596/3028/1/012049

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Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Some Rice Samples available in the Iraqi Markets Using the system of High-purity Germanium

Auday T. AlBayati

Naz T. Jarallah

Rafah I. Noori

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AbstractThis study aimed to determine the radioactivity and radiation hazard indicators of rice samples potentially for human consumption. Gamma spectroscopy was used to calculate the specific activity of natural and artificial radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) in local and imported rice samples collected from local markets in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, in addition to various radiological hazard indices. The radionuclide concentrations in the samples varied from 2.123 ± 1.457 Bq/kg to 13.032 ± 3.610 Bq/kg for 238U, 2.906 ± 1.705 Bq/kg to 17.290 ± 4.158 Bq/kg for 232Th, 55.161 ± 7.427 Bq/kg to 155.897 ± 12.486 Bq/kg for 40K, and 0.840 ± 0.916 Bq/kg to 5.473 ± 2.339 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The average results for the radiological hazard indices were 24.292 ± 4.855 Bq/kg, 11.579 nGy/h, 0.378 nGy/h, 0.057 mSv/y, 0.014 mSv/y, 0.181, 0.082, and 0.066 for Raeq, Dγ, Dγ for 137Cs, AEDEin, AEDEout, Iγ, Hin, and Hex, respectively. The values obtained from the current study indicate that the concentrations of radionuclides and the hazard indices in the rice samples studied are less than globally permissible limits. Therefore, rice consumption is safe from a radiological perspective and does not threaten human health.

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Publication Date

Thu Jan 01 2026

Journal Name

Chalcogenide Letters

Structural and Optical Properties of Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 Nanostructures Thin Film for Photovoltaic Applications

Cu2 ZnSn(S1−x Se x)4 thin film

energy gap

dielectric constant

extinction coefficient

refractive index

Bushra A.

Ameer J.

Ahmad A.

Yasser A.

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Copper zinc tin sulfide selenide, Cu2 ZnSn(S1−x Se x)4 , absorbers are promising earth-abundant and environmentally benign materials for low-cost photovoltaic applications. This study investigates the structural and optical properties of Cu 2 ZnSn(S1−x Se x)4 nanostructured thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using melt-quenched targets with selenium compositions x = 0.0–1.0. X-ray diffraction revealed that films with low selenium content remained amorphous, whereas higher selenium incorporation promoted the formation of polycrystalline kesterite–stannite phases with preferred orientations along (112), (200), (220), and (312). The crystallite size increased from 12.3 to 17.9 nm as selenium reached x = 1.0, indicating enha

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