ABSTRACT : Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases linked with dementia, it is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Ab) in the brain. The present study aims to innovate a biochemical relationship between AD and interleukin 38 (IL-38) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, expose novel mechanisms and concepts regarding other biochemical parameters studied previously or recently in AD patients and also examine the biochemical action of memantine (10 mg daily) on AD patients. Sixty (60) diagnosed AD patients participated in the present study and classified into four (4) groups: G3 were composed of (15) newly diagnosed males (52-78) years / without treatment, G4 composed of (15) newly diagnosed females (64-90) years/ without treatment, G5 composed of (15) males (60-85) years / under treatment with memantine and G6 composed of (15) females (65-73) years also under treatment with memantine. Patients were compared with healthy subjects as two control groups: G1 composed of (15) males /(52-80) years and G2 composed of (15) females / (64-82) years. Blood samples were collected from the patients and control subjects from November 20th, 2019 to February 26th, 2020. The biochemical parameters determined in the sera of all groups are Interleukin 38, ornithine, and TSH. Results of the present study have revealed that IL-38 level was highly significantly increased in G3 and G4 compared with G1 and G2 respectively while it was highly significant increased in G5 compared with G3 and non significantly increased in G6 compared with G4, the difference between (G5 and G1) and between (G6 and G2) was highly significant while the difference between G4 and G3 was nonsignificant. Ornithine level was highly significantly increased in G3 and G4 compared with G1 and G2 respectively, while it was non significantly decreased in G5 and G6 compared with G3 and G4, respectively. The difference between (G5 and G1) and between (G6 and G2) was highly significant while it was non-significant between G4 and G3. TSH level was highly significant decreased in G3 compared with G1, while it was non significantly decreased in G4 compared with G2. However, it was highly significantly increased in G5 and G6 compared with G3 and G4, respectively, the difference between (G5 and G1) and between (G4 and G3) was nonsignificant while, it was highly significant between (G6 and G2). The present study is the first to report that IL-38 is a novel biochemical marker for AD and also the first elucidating the biochemical action of memantine on IL-38 (by highlighting the anti-inflammatory responses) and ornithine based on the reversible biochemical relationship between arginine, ornithine and glutamate.
In this work, prepared new ligand namely 5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-(3H)-thion, was obtained from the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with hydrazine, after that reaxtion with CS2/KOH in methanol.
The Ilkhanid Mongols (651-756 AH / 1253-1355 AD) were interested in urbanization and construction in keeping with civilized countries and to have an architectural imprint that competed with the neighboring nations. The Ilkhan Öljeitü Muḥammad Khudābandeh (703-716 AH / 1303-1316 AD), known for his love of building and construction, wanted to have a capital that would immortalize his name and history, so he ordered its construction to compete with contemporary cities, and he summoned workers and engineers from all over the world to contribute to its construction. The city has several educational and service institutions such as schools, ribats, khanqas, mosques, hospitals, markets, and baths, as well as a mausoleum for him, which
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Purpose: To determine the effect of information technology governance (ITG) under the control objectives for information and related technologies (COBIT) on financial performance is the objective of this study. Additionally, the article seeks to look into the relationships between the factors under consideration. Theoretical framework: Information technology and operational processes are evaluated and ensure their compliance with the instructions of the Central Bank of Iraq. Therefore, the research dealt with a conceptual framework by reviewing the literature on the importance of the COBIT framework in assessing financial performance. Design/methodology/approach: To investigate the effect of information technology; we the valu
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In this research, the size strain plot method was used to estimate the particle size and lattice strain of CaTiO3 nanoparticles. The SSP method was developed to calculate new variables, namely stress, and strain energy, and the results were crystallite size (44.7181794 nm) lattice strain (0.001211), This method has been modified to calculate new variables such as stress and its value (184.3046308X10-3Mpa) and strain energy and its value (1.115833287X10-6 KJm-3).
In this research the Inter-Particle Expectation Values have been studied for atomics Helium (He) and Beryllium (Be) also for He-like ions, Be-like ions (Li-1, B+1? Li+1, Be+2, B+3) by using Hartree-Fock wave functions, We compared the results to some ions which have the same atomic number from each group with atomic number, We compared the results with published calculations to the last studied .
Education by lectures has been standard for 100 years or more. Given the 21st century technology, people can connect with others around the world instantly, electronically. With the pandemic, teaching changed to one-way information transfer with the loss of interpersonal learning experience. SNI® and now SNI Digital™ have been experimenting with different forms of communication to transfer information.
Using an interactive education model, a meeting for neurosurgeons in Baghdad was held for students, residents, and neurosurgeons
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Abstract: The increased interest in developing new photonic devices that can support high data rates, high sensitivity and fast processing capabilities for all optical communications, motivates a pre stage pulse compressor research. The pre-stage research was based on cascading single mode fiber and polarization maintaining fiber to get pulse compression with compression factor of 1.105. The demand for obtaining more précised photonic devices; this work experimentally studied the behavior of Polarization maintaining fiber PMF that is sandwiched between two cascaded singe mode fiber SMF and fiber Bragg gratings FBG. Therefore; the introduced interferometer performed hybrid interference of both Mach-Zehnder
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Communicative-based textbooks are developed and disseminated throughout the country.
However, it is difficult for teachers who themselves have learnt English through the traditional
approaches to suddenly be familiar with CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) principles
and teach communicatively. Therefore, many teachers remain somewhat confused about what
exactly CLT is and others familiar with CLT but unable to achieve communicative classroom
teaching. Consequently, those teachers need to be introduced to the CLT principles and they need
training in how to put CLT principles into practice. Accordingly, this study aims to find out the
effect of combining video lectures and Kolb experiential learning on EFL student-t