This study investigates the impact of incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into the SnO ₂ electron transport layer (ETL) on the performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr ₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs). CQDs with abundant surface functional groups were synthesized hydrothermally and integrated into a low-temperature, solution-processed SnO ₂ ETL at varying concentrations (0%, 2% and 4%). Comprehensive characterization revealed that the SnO ₂ : CQDs composite films exhibited

Both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes have a genetic component, with over 60 chromosomal regions related to type 1 diabetes and over 200 connected with type 2 diabetes at significant genome-wide levels. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RETN gene and genetic variables can account for up to 70% of the variations in circulating resistin levels. The RETN polymorphism has been linked in numerous studies to obesity, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, and cerebrovascular illness. Our objective is to compare this RETN gene 3ʹ-untranslated region polymorphism in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes Iraqi patients. We choose 51 type 1 diabetes and 52 type 2 diabetes patients against 50 healthy subjects (control group) to investig

This research was designed to study effect of performance appraisal dimensions on organizational confidence.

Asset completion questionnaire was used to collect data of this research from a random simple represent forty employees who works in Iraqi Oil ministry. The main result of this research was positive relations and the effect between performance appraisal and organizational confidence. The research contains some conclusions, the main of it is unimplemented the performance appraisal results in the policies of employees in the ministry and it work in classic methods incentives and training.

The important recommendations must doing to achieve integrating between the result of pe

Aim: This study aimed to compare different types of ligation methods to obtain maximum tooth movement with the least undesirable rotation. Methods: Titanium brackets bonded to acrylic canine teeth were ligated to straight stainless steel (SS) archwires using four ligation methods (figure-O and figure-8 elastics, SS ligatures, and Leone Slide ligatures). The teeth with the ligatures in place were stored in a water bath at 37ºC for 1 day, 1 week, 2, 4 or 6 weeks before testing. The teeth were retracted through softened wax along the archwire and the amount of tooth movement and degree of rotation were measured. Results: Slide ligatures showed the highest distance of tooth movement and degree of canine rotation followed by figure-O elastics

       Chronic renal failure (CRF) affects thyroid function in multiple ways, including low circulating thyroid hormone concentration, altered peripheral hormone metabolism, disturbed binding to carrier proteins, possible reduction in tissue thyroid hormone content, and increased iodine store in thyroid glands.The target of study is to find a relationship between chronic renal failure and thyroid function.In addition, we tried to study the effect of CRF on serum creatinine dependent on the level of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid stimulating hormones(TSH). Forty patients with chronic renal failure (20 male, 20 female) were enrolled in this study in addition to forty healthy individual as control gro

The study aims to identify the students’ attitudes toward recent techniques’ use in teaching; using power point software and data show to facilitate teaching approaches as well as following the approach of lecture in giving subjects, do these techniques facilitate, increase, and tackle the difficulties of subjects, do these attitudes positive or negative?, and to what extent these techniques raise up students’ motivation.   

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of nostalgia marketing on consumers’ purchase intention and demographic factors. Nostalgia marketing is one of the marketing ideas that some organizations use it to attract customers by evoking memories or heritage in their minds. This method would affect the emotions and feelings of people, which may raise their desire to buy. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and it was distributed to a random sample of 512 individuals. A sample is a group of individuals who have seen small sculptures displayed in shops inside Babylon Mall in Baghdad. The small sculptures show the life of Baghdadis in the fifties and sixties of the last century. Statistical software was used for

Chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used at substrate temperature 250 ˚C with annealing temperature at 400 ˚C (for 1hour) to deposition tungsten oxide thin film with different doping concentration of Au nanoparticle (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40)% wt. on glass substrate with thickness about 100 nm. The structural, optical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction shows that the films at substrate temperature (250 ˚C) was amorphous while at annealing temperature have a polycrystalline structure with the preferred orientation of (200), all the samples have a hexagonal structure for WO3 and Au gold nanoparticles have a cubic structure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the morphology of the films. The optical pr

The recent studies suggested the possible toxicities or genetic alterations associated with biological and medical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The current research is directed to see if AgNPs administration can lead to some changes in expression of BRAF gene in selected body organs tissues. Fifty-six male of musmusculs (Balb/C) mice from the animal house of Al-Nahrain Centre of Biotechnology were used. These animals were divided randomly to seven groups (eight mouse in each group), one of these groups represented the control group, three groups were subjected to different doses of AgNPs (0.25, 0.5and 1 mg/kg of body weight) for one week, and the remaining three groups were subjected to three different doses of AgNP