Displacement is a problem that worries the human conscience and has received the attention of the international community. Furthermore, it has become one of the most urgent issues nowadays, especially when the number of displaced people in different countries are increased because of the causes of displacement and their political, economic, environmental, social and psychological effects. Iraq is one of the countries where displacement has taken place in several governorates, according to United Nations and International Organization for Migration (IOM), Iraq is considered the second largest country in the world after Syria in terms of the number of displaced people in 2015. Gratitude, a positive emotional response to benevolence, is a m

Background: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most commonly recognized congenital heart defect. Isolated VSDs represent about 20-30% of all congenital cardiac malformations and have a prevalence of 1- 2 % per 1,000 live births.
Objective: This study is planned to review the outcome of surgical closure of VSD at Ibn Al-Nafees Teaching Hospital (Department Cardiac Surgery) Baghdad/Iraq.
Patients and methods: This study includes 50 cases of VSD both isolated and VSD associated with other congenital malformations admitted and underwent surgical repair of age range between 3 to 28 years and weight range between 9 to 80 kg. Different type of VSD, were found and repaired whether isolated or with other associated congenital anomalies

Kinetic and mechanism studies of the oxidation of oxalic acid by Cerium sulphate have been carried out in acid medium sulphuric acid. The uv- vis. Spectrophotometric technique was used to follow up the reaction and the selected wavelength to be followed was 320 nm. The kinetic study showed that the order of reaction is first order in Ce(IV) and fractional in oxalic acid. The effect of using different concentration of sulphuric acid on the rate of the reaction has been studied a and it was found that the rate decreased with increasing the acid concentration. Classical organic tests was used to identify the product of the oxidation reaction, the product was just bubbles of CO₂.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueoes extract for mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. Silver nanoparticles were showing good antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity conducted against different pathogenic bacteria such as Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MARSA), Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The maximum inhibition zone was observed against S. marcesance. However, the lowest inhibition zone was found against P. fluorescens.

In order to get better understanding of asphalt pavement performance, asphalt from five Iraqi refineries (Qayarah, Nassiriyah, Baiji, Samawah and Daurah) were analyzed into five chemical fractions including asphaltenes, polar compounds, first acidaffins, second acidaffins and saturated hydrocarbons where the last four fractions called maltenes. Polar compounds /saturated hydrocarbons ratio (PC/S) and the ratio of the reactive to the unreactive components of the maltenes fraction (durability rating) parameters were determined. The study showed that Baiji asphalt has the best durability over other asphalts, while Qayarah asphalt is considered to have the least durability grade. These results confirm the correlation of the chemical composit

In the present research, the chemical washing method has been selected using three chelating agents: citric acid, acetic acid and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) to remove 137Cs from two different contaminated soil samples were classified as fine and coarse grained. The factors that affecting removal efficiency such as type of soil, mixing ratio and molarity have been investigated. The results revealed that no correlation relation was found between removal efficiency and the studied factors. The results also showed that conventional chemical washing method was not effective in removing 137Cs and that there are further studies still need to achieve this objective.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) was one of the first drugs synthesized for a specific chemotherapeutic purpose used to inhibit folic acid (FA) for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Its history is closely related to the discovery and characterization of folic acid. It is used clinically in medicine to treat a range of cancerous and noncancerous conditions. MTX is currently used in gynecology to treat disorders arising from trophoblastic tissue, namely, ectopic pregnancy. MTX, the most frequently used diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD), suppresses disease activity and reduces joint damage. The aim of study: It is designed to demonstrate the effect of MTX (7.5 mg/wk.) on the histogenesis of gonad (testis) of n

An experimental investigation has been carried out for zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) electro-deposition using the constant applied current technique. Weight difference approach method was used to determine the cathode current efficiency and deposit thickness. Also, the influence effect of current density on the deposition process, solderability, and porosity of the plating layer in microelectronic applications were examined. The bath temperature effect on nickel composition and the form of the contract was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, elemental nature of the deposition was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX).     

It has been found that the best bath temperature

This study aims to assess some seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing hemodialysis in dialysis centers in some Baghdad hospitals, by testing the blood samples with enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay (ELISA) IgG and IgM, to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients infected with Toxoplasma. gondii were appeared with 129(32.25%) seropositive anti-Toxoplasma IgG. The age groups (43-51) year and (52-60) years of hemodialysis patients showed the highest percentage of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. An increase of the seropositivity rate was detected with increasing length of time on hemodialysis treatment. Females had the highest significant percentag

Background: Sildenafil is a drug that is used to treat erectile dysfunctions, it acts by inhibiting CGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis. The most common adverse effects of sildenafil are headache, dyspepsia, nasal congestion and impaired vision which includes photophobia and blurred vision. Many dermatological side effects are present like flushing, urticaria, sweating and many others.
Patients and Methods: Fifty six males were included in this study, with ages between 37 – 60 years and a mean age of 50.1 ± 7.1years. The study was conducted from November 2004 till May 2009 in the Department of Dermatology of Al-Kadhymia Teaching Hospital in Baghdad;