The steady state laminar mixed convection and radiation through inclined rectangular duct with an interior circular tube is investigated numerically for a thermally and hydrodynamicaly fully developed flow. The two heat transfer mechanisms of convection and radiation are treated independently and simultaneously. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are normalized and solved using the Vorticity-Stream function and the Body Fitted Coordinates (B.F.C) methods. The finite difference approach with the Line Successive Over-Relaxation (LSOR) method is used to obtain all the computational results. The (B.F.C) method is used to generate the grid of the problem. A computer program (Fortran 90) is built to calculate the steady state Nusselt number (Nu) for Aspect Ratio AR (0.55-1) and Geometry Ratio GR (0.1-0.9). The fluid Prandtl number is 0.7, Rayleigh number Ra = 400, Reynolds number Re = 100, Optical Thickness (0 ≤ t ≤ 10), Conduction- Radiation parameter (0 ≤ N ≤ 100) and Inclination angle λ = 45. For the range of parameters considered, results show that radiation enhance heat transfer. It is also indicated in the results that heat transfer from the surface of the circle exceeds that of the rectangular duct. Generally, Nu is increased with increasing GR, t and N but it decreased with AR increase. When the radiation effect added to the heat transfer mechanism, the heat transfer rate increased. This effect increased with increasing in GR and decreasing with AR. The increasing in radiation properties lead to increase the radiation effect. Tecplot 7 program was used to plot the curves which cleared these relations and isotherms and streamlines which illustrate the behavior of air through the channel and its variation with other parameters. A correlation equation is concluded to describe the radiation effect. Comparison of the results with the previous work shows a good agreement.
Digital image started to including in various fields like, physics science, computer science, engineering science, chemistry science, biology science and medication science, to get from it some important information. But any images acquired by optical or electronic means is likely to be degraded by the sensing environment. In this paper, we will study and derive Iterative Tikhonov-Miller filter and Wiener filter by using criterion function. Then use the filters to restore the degraded image and show the Iterative Tikhonov-Miller filter has better performance when increasing the number of iteration To a certain limit then, the performs will be decrease. The performance of Iterative Tikhonov-Miller filter has better performance for less de
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Robotics manipulators with structural flexibility provide an attractive alternative to rigid robotics manipulators for many of the new and evolving applications in robotics. In certain applications their use is unavoidable. The increased complexity in modeling and control of such manipulators is offset by desirable performance enhancements in some respects. In this paperthe single- link flexible robotics manipulator was designed and implemented from Perspex and designed with 0.5 m length , 0.02 m width and with 0.004 m thickness with mass located at the tip. There are four subsystems; motion, control, accelerometer and gyro and a host computer subsystem. The work principle of single-link robotics manipul
... Show MoreThe purpose of this research is to demonstrate the impact of banking compliance in combating money laundering and terrorist financing through banks. The phenomenon of money laundering and terrorist financing has received wide attention in the countries of the world and international organizations because of the negative effects this phenomenon has on the global economy as a result of exploiting developments and modern banking operations to pass Money laundering and terrorist financing operations in order to legitimize illegal funds and obliterate their criminal sources, which obliged the banking sector to increase control measures in order to reduce these operations, which conceal money laundering thr
... Show MoreA sensitive and accurate colorimetric method was developed for the determination of the Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, here and after will be named Sitagliptin, in its pure and pharmaceutical form. The suggested approach is based on boosting the sensitivity of the traditional spectrometric methods by derivatizing Sitagliptin into a colored product that absorbs the visible spectrum at 573 nm. The proposed method has effectively improved the sensitivity and the limit of detection for the analysis of Sitagliptin. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983. The calculated recovery was within the range of 98.98–100.11%. While the limit of detection LOD and
... Show MoreThe study aimed to identify the effect of Total Quality Management on enhancing competitiveness through the opinions of employees of the front- rows of customer service in local Palestinian banks, the researcher adopted an analytical descriptive method through developing a special questionnaire to accomplish the study’s objectives and answer its questions. The study involved all the Palestinian local banks, with their scattered branches in West Bank. The study sample consisted of 3470 executive employees for banking services out of 4753 employees, in the rate of 73%, and the study sample reached (485) employees who were randomly selected working in the front -rows to provide services in the local Palestinian banks during the ye
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Binuclear metal complexes of the metal ions Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) were synthesized by the reaction of these metal ions with the imine of benzidine (H2L) as a primary ligand and o-phenylenediammine (OPD) as a secondary ligand in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The prepared complexes were characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and TGA-DTA thermogravimetric analysis. All the prepared complexes showed apparent stability and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analyses, a tetrahedral structure is suggested for all the prepared complexes, except for the copper complex which showed
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The study aims at evaluating the penalty of semi- intentional killing felony in the Egyptian and Algerian criminal law following the Islamic Law (Shari'a). The study used the descriptive, evalutive and analytical methodology to reach the topic in question. To meet the theoretical significance of the study, much data has been collected to give a comprehensive picture about the topic under examination. As for the practical significance of the study, it helps the juridical power to reconsider and phrase the legal materials of the semi-intentional killing penalty based on the Islamic law. The study has come to the conclusions that the Islamic Law (Shari'a) imposes a compensation (blood-money) to be g
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A new laboratory study conducted on stepped spillways in order to investigate their efficiency of dissipating flow energy. All previous study on stepped spillway indicated that the flow energy dissipation decreased as increasing in discharge. Increasing in the step numbers and the spillway slope led to energy dissipation decrease. In this study, an experimental attempt to increase energy dissipation at variable discharges was performed on stepped spillway and that leads to decreasing the cost of initiating the stilling basin or may be ignoring it. Five spillways were constructed from concrete and tested to investigate and compare among them. Three were roughed by gravel with different size for each one, one of them was s
... Show MoreIraq has seen many changes at the social, economic and political levels. This led to cause many shifts in the structure of its society and imposed great challenges reflected in the behavior and awareness of that society in general and youth in particular.
Those changes made the Iraqi society undergoing the transformation of value and culture aspects formed a political awareness that caused cultural and political diversity within the family and society. A greater openness to the outside world caused by the communication revolution, as the world has witnessed during the past two decades, has helped in making that change. Iraq had its share of media and political openness, which were included after the US occupation in 2003. As a re
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