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The comparison of several methods for calculating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes in maize (Zea mays L.). I. Agronomic traits
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Abstract<p>The objective of present study was to compare of several methods for estimating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes using generation mean analysis of maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic>L.). The experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric / Univ. of Baghdad, for many seasons, spring and fall seasons 2009, 2010, spring 2011 and fall 2013.Six diverse inbred lines were crossed to produce F1,F2,BC1 and BC2 for four superior crosses.Broad-sense and narrow sense heritability estimates based on variance of different generations. The results showed that the four formulas used to estimate the heritability were different in estimating the values of heritability of different traits, as well as the different crosses used in the study. The broad sense heritability was differed according to the components of the formulas used to estimate. The number of genes that controlled the trait differed according to the different method of estimation and according to the studied trait, and to the all crosses. The highest number of genes (for all formulas) for plant yield, ranging from 15.85 (cross 4) to 155.7 (cross 2), because the yield is complex quantitative trait of several components, so the number of genes they control are the sum of genes that control the components. The inbreeding depression differed according to the parents involved in the crosses, and according to the studied trait, the inbreeding depression ranged from -7 for number of branches/tassel of cross 1 and leaf area of cross 3 to 68 for grain yield of cross 2. We can conclude that the best formula to estimate heritability depends on experimental design and methods of breeding.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
Effect of Cold Plasma on the Levels Mineral Blood Components &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt;
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This study illustrates effect of cold plasma CAP on the mineral blood components in vivo. the mineral blood component (Ca, Na, Cl, K and Fe) are used. Floating Electrode-Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) system of probe diameter 4cm is used for this purpose, and variable voltage (0-20) kV and variable frequency (0-30) kHz, the output power was ranged from (10 - 70) W. the effect of cold atmospheric plasma on mineral blood is studied with different exposure durations (30,45,60) sec. As the plasma exposure duration increases, the calcium, potassium and iron components in the blood increased, while The sodium and chlorine elements decreased. These results give an indication of the cold plasma receptor to be used to treat many disea

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 20 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Number of Firings on the Color of Two All-Ceramic Systems Measured by Spectrophotometer
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Background: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various veneering dentin ceramic thicknesses and repeated firings on the color of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press) and zirconium-oxide (IPS ZirCAD) all-ceramic systems, measured by clinical spectrophotometers (Easyshade Advance 4.0) . Materials and methods: The 72specimens cube-shaped have the dimension of about 11 mm in width, 14 mm in length, 1mm in thickness, these cores divided into 3 groups according to the type of material each group have (24)core specimens. Each group had been divided into three sub-groups (each having 8 specimens) according to veneering with dentin ceramic thicknesses: as 0.5, 1, or 2 mm (n=8). IPS e.max press and ZirCAD c

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 1996
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NEMATODE POPULATION DENSITIES ON SEED GERMINATION PERCENTAGE AND SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL CROPS
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Labrotary experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of nematode population densities of Meloidogyne spp on seed germination percentage and seedling characteristics of Vigna sinensis, Ahelmoschus esculentus, Cicer arietinum, Helianthus annuus and Rap-hanus sativus. Four different levels of nematode populat-ion densities ranged from 1 to 4 prepared from radish in-fected roots and used as inoculating agent to infect all seed types in the experiment Seed germination percentage of Vigna sinensis and Ablemoschus eseulentus were highly reduced (at 0.01 level of significance) with increased nematode population level from 1 to 4. Seedling length of the remaining seed types were significantly reduced (at 0.01 level of signif

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison some of methods wavelet estimation for non parametric regression function with missing response variable at random
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Abstract

 The problem of missing data represents a major obstacle before researchers in the process of data analysis in different fields since , this problem is a recurrent one in all fields of study including social , medical , astronomical and clinical experiments .

The presence of such a problem within the data to be studied may influence negatively on the analysis and it may lead to misleading conclusions , together with the fact that these conclusions that result from a great bias caused by that problem in spite of the efficiency of wavelet methods but they are also affected by the missing of data , in addition to the impact of the problem of miss of accuracy estimation

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 20 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Industrial Research
Study of the Effect of Epipremnum Aureum Extracts and Tribulus Terrestris L. as a Natural Alternative for the use of Industrial Antioxidants
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In this study, two types of local plants were chosen, the first is the plant golden pothos Epipremnum aureum and the second is the Iraqi Sheikh's chin plant Tribulus terrestris L, for the purpose of making a comparison between them in terms of their possession of chemical groups with antioxidant activity in order to use them as a natural alternative to using antioxidants Industrial that cause negative effects on human health, the samples were prepared using the method of water and alcohol extraction (ethanol 70%) for both plants. It revealed the presence of a number of chemical groups (tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids) for both plants, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Coumarins are only found in the sheikh's chin pl

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Estimation of Parameters for the Gumbel Type-I Distribution under Type-II Censoring Scheme
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This paper aims to decide the best parameter estimation methods for the parameters of the Gumbel type-I distribution under the type-II censorship scheme. For this purpose, classical and Bayesian parameter estimation procedures are considered. The maximum likelihood estimators are used for the classical parameter estimation procedure. The asymptotic distributions of these estimators are also derived. It is not possible to obtain explicit solutions of Bayesian estimators. Therefore, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and Lindley techniques are taken into account to estimate the unknown parameters. In Bayesian analysis, it is very important to determine an appropriate combination of a prior distribution and a loss function. Therefore, two different

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 08 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
THE ROLE OF TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER IN TAX FRAUD PREVENTION : APPLIED RESEARCH AT THE GENERAL TAX AUTHORITY IN IRAQ
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This thesis aims to show the effects of the development of the traditional manual system of the tax accounting process to the electronic system by the activation of the tax identification numbers (TINs) mechanism. The impact of this development is facilitating the tax accounting process, tax fraudand thus increasing the tax outcome.To prove the research hypothesis, an electronic system was designed based on income tax report, estimation note of individuals, in additional to using Adobe Dreamweaver application to write PHP, HTML, Javascript, and CSS web languages to implement  the proposed system. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is; not enough the communication methods between the Genera

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 02 2018
Journal Name
American Academic Scientific Research Journal For Engineering, Technology, And Sciences
Girder Load Share for the Curved I-Girder Bridge Subjected to the Point Load
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 02 2016
Journal Name
American Scientific Research Journal For Engineering, Technology, And Sciences
Girder Load Share for the Curved I-Girder Bridge Subjected to the Point Load
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The objective of this research is to study experimentally and theoretically the girder vertical load share of the curved I-Girder bridges subjected to the point load in addition to the self-weigh and supper imposed dead loads. The experimental program consist of manufacturing and testing the five simply supported bridge models was scaled down by (1/10) from a prototype of 30m central span. The models carriageway central radii are 30 m, 15m or 10m. The girder spacing of the first two models is 175 mm with an overall carriageway width of 650mm. The girder spacing of the other three bridge models is 200mm with the overall carriageway width of 700 mm. The overall depth of the composite section was 164 mm. To investigate the effect of live load

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 11 2023
Journal Name
Mathematical Problems In Engineering
Bayesian Methods for Estimation the Parameters of Finite Mixture of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution
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Methods of estimating statistical distribution have attracted many researchers when it comes to fitting a specific distribution to data. However, when the data belong to more than one component, a popular distribution cannot be fitted to such data. To tackle this issue, mixture models are fitted by choosing the correct number of components that represent the data. This can be obvious in lifetime processes that are involved in a wide range of engineering applications as well as biological systems. In this paper, we introduce an application of estimating a finite mixture of Inverse Rayleigh distribution by the use of the Bayesian framework when considering the model as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We employed the Gibbs sampler and

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