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The comparison of several methods for calculating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes in maize (Zea mays L.). I. Agronomic traits
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Abstract<p>The objective of present study was to compare of several methods for estimating the degree of heritability and calculating the number of genes using generation mean analysis of maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic>L.). The experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric / Univ. of Baghdad, for many seasons, spring and fall seasons 2009, 2010, spring 2011 and fall 2013.Six diverse inbred lines were crossed to produce F1,F2,BC1 and BC2 for four superior crosses.Broad-sense and narrow sense heritability estimates based on variance of different generations. The results showed that the four formulas used to estimate the heritability were different in estimating the values of heritability of different traits, as well as the different crosses used in the study. The broad sense heritability was differed according to the components of the formulas used to estimate. The number of genes that controlled the trait differed according to the different method of estimation and according to the studied trait, and to the all crosses. The highest number of genes (for all formulas) for plant yield, ranging from 15.85 (cross 4) to 155.7 (cross 2), because the yield is complex quantitative trait of several components, so the number of genes they control are the sum of genes that control the components. The inbreeding depression differed according to the parents involved in the crosses, and according to the studied trait, the inbreeding depression ranged from -7 for number of branches/tassel of cross 1 and leaf area of cross 3 to 68 for grain yield of cross 2. We can conclude that the best formula to estimate heritability depends on experimental design and methods of breeding.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks (A survey study of the views of a sample of the objective of the inspection bodies represented by the Central Bank and the Securities Commission and e
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The aim of this study is to identify the effect of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks and to identify the extent of awareness of the importance of empowerment in the work of these committees, especially as it is known that these committees, especially the inspection committees that go to private banks and from various sources including committees of the Central Bank of Iraq Committees of the Securities Commission and finally committees of the external audit offices, through an analysis of the determinants of empowerment in the performance of the most important work of the audit committees, namely: supervising the process of preparing reports, supervising the system of intern

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 28 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of the beehive strategy on deliberate thinking and learning the setting skill of volleyball among female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman
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Objective: Develop a deliberate thinking scale for the setting skill in volleyball for second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. Research methodology: The researchers used the experimental approach, employing a two-group approach (pre-test and post-test), to suit the nature of the research. The research community comprised (65) second-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2024-2025. The research sample was randomly selected, with (15) students in Section A, the experimental group, and (15) students in Section B, the control group. This group represented (46%) of the students. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 28 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of the beehive strategy on deliberate thinking and learning the setting skill of volleyball among female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman
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Objective: Develop a deliberate thinking scale for the setting skill in volleyball for second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. Research methodology: The researchers used the experimental approach, employing a two-group approach (pre-test and post-test), to suit the nature of the research. The research community comprised (65) second-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2024-2025. The research sample was randomly selected, with (15) students in Section A, the experimental group, and (15) students in Section B, the control group. This group represented (46%) of the students. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 03 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Technicality and Spontaneity Paradoxes in the Art of the Playwright -Examples of Improvisation in Modern European Theater
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The research deals with the problems of improvisation in two basic subjects and applied a samples  and conclusion. The first topic focuses on the concept of improvisation and spontaneity and clarifies the confusion between them. The second topic deals with the foundations and principles on which the actor is based in his artistic preparation for the purpose of developing his improvisational abilities.

The research focuses on clarifying the dimensions of improvisational techniques and its multiplicity in the modern theater. It analyzes the method of improvisation and its use in the construction and composition of the theatrical performance. It deals with two important experiments, such as the experience of the Russian directo

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 08 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of the Central Bank of Iraq in housing finance and reducing the housing crisis in Iraq
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Finance is an essential element when developing any housing policy because of its role in providing funds to institutions concerned with housing lending. Therefore, the research aims to evaluate the financial aid provided by the Central Bank of Iraq in solving the housing crisis through the adoption of the Central Bank of Iraq initiatives to support the financing of the housing sector, and here The importance of the research is highlighted to determine the role of the initiative by drawing an effective strategy aimed at providing the housing sector with the necessary funding. By providing financing to financial institutions directed towards providing real estate credit, and that the percentage of the contribution of the implement

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of tax exemption in attracting foreign investment and the possibility of activation in the Iraqi economy
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The tax exemption, whether wholly or partially, and for an unlimited duration of the investment or for a limited period of few years, is one of the encouraging things to the flow of foreign capital. And if necessary, impose tax on the profits of the invested capital, the promotion requires that not be discriminatory taxes or payments in the amount of money with the need to avoid double taxation. The tax exemption is granted by the government and the feature according to the law of a natural person or legal entity seeking from the government purports to achieve a set of political goals, economic and  social development. The reduction of taxes or grants partial exemption is one of the factors that encourage attract of direct foreign i

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 16 2022
Journal Name
Res Militaris
The contents of the publications of the campaign (Together to defeat Corona) for the United Nations Development Program in Iraq to prevent infection with the Covid 19 virus
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The study deals with an analysis of the contents of the publications of the campaign (Together to defeat Corona), which was established by the United Nations Development Program in Iraq in the face of the Covid 19 virus.The research problem raises a main question:What are the implications of the campaign (Together to defeat Corona) of the United Nations Development Program (Iraq office) in addressing the Covid-19 virus in Iraq?From this main question, several sub-questions emerged, which were answered by this study in its chapters and investigations, including regarding the contents of advertisements, photos and videos for the publications of the (Together to Defeat Corona) campaign for the United Nations Iraq Office on their Facebook pageA

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Scopus
Publication Date
Wed Jan 10 2024
Journal Name
The American Journal Of Interdisciplinary Innovation And Research
SUBJECT: REVIEW METHODS OF DETECTING SUGAR IN A SAMPLE
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Computer Networks, Big Data And Iot
A Comprehensive Study of Various DC Faults and Detection Methods in Photovoltaic System
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Investigation and Comparative Study Among Various Methods of Contraception Used in Erbil City
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The objective of this study was to investigate and compare among five different methods of contraception including combined oral contraceptive pills (COC), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), vaginal spermicides and male condom used in Hawler City through estimate of their effect, relative failure rate, percentage of use, adherence and compliance and adverse effects of each contraceptive method. In order to reach to these aims, a retrospective study was conducted in Hawler City in Azadi Health Care Center over a period of 6 months from 22th November, 2010 to 15th May, 2011 during which data collection and subjects follow up for 3 months had been achieved. A conv

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